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I live in the heart of a city, and although our neighborhood is usually pretty calm, there’s still that frenetic energy to my surroundings that exists in all urban areas. I sometimes don’t fully clock how busy and bright and beep-y my daily life is until I go somewhere truly far away—a hike on the wild North Shore of Lake Superior, or a cabin where the night sky is genuinely dark and the loudest thing is the birdsong.
But even here in my city, I am lucky enough to have easy access to green spaces galore. Three lakes are within walking distance, along with public gardens, miles of walking and biking trails, even a bird sanctuary. It’s an embarrassment of riches that I am daily grateful for.
Every time I step outside—into a nearby park, my own backyard garden, or even a small green strip between buildings—something shifts. My shoulders drop, and my breath deepens. That thing that was churning in my mind a moment ago seems a little less urgent. It’s not gone, but it is quieter. This shift is rarely dramatic, but more just a gentle signal that it’s okay to slow down and let down my defenses.
Nothing about my external circumstances has changed. Things in my life and in the world are still messy and anxiety-producing. I’ve still got little piles of grief, resentments, obligations, and worries in the dusty corners of my mind and heart. Being human still continues.
Still, I know that the experience I’m having when I get outside isn’t just a nice feeling. Something subtle but real is happening in my brain and my body. And while the mind/body/heart delineation is always somewhat contrived—after all, we’re always whole beings having all these varied physical and emotional experiences—a growing body of research is saying: what’s happening in these natural spaces is worth paying attention to.
What Happens in Your Body
When we talk about nature being soothing, we’re not just speaking poetically. When we take time to walk through or sit in the natural world, it is actually dialing down our stress hormones in real time.
In a 2019 study published in Frontiers in Psychology, researchers tracked urban dwellers over eight weeks and found that a nature experience produced a 21.3% per hour drop in cortisol levels, with the most concentrated benefits occurring between 20 and 30 minutes outside. A 2025 meta-analysis across 78 studies confirmed the pattern: exposure to green spaces decreased salivary cortisol by 21% and salivary amylase by 28%, which is a fancy way of saying that even our spit provides evidence of significant reductions in the body’s stress response.
Stepping outside for half an hour might be one of the most underrated meditation preparations we have.
Salivary amylase is a marker of sympathetic nervous system activation—the same fight-or-flight wiring that gets overworked when we’re anxious, overwhelmed, doom-scrolling (I know it’s not just me, right?), or simply living in the modern world.
When it drops, the body is shifting toward a sense of safety and rest. It’s settling into the very state that meditation practitioners often spend years learning to access.
What if stepping outside for half an hour is one of the most underrated meditation preparations we have?
What Happens in Your Heart
There’s something else that nature does, a little harder to quantify but no less real: it stops us in our tracks. It makes us feel small—but in the most expansive way.
Researchers (and poets and mystics) call this “awe,” and natural environments are among its most reliable triggers. In one fascinating study, students who spent just one minute looking up at a stand of tall eucalyptus trees showed measurable increases in awe and significantly more generous, helpful behavior than those who had looked at a building. Imagine the implications if sixty seconds of looking at trees makes us kinder and more gracious towards others.
Awe is a way to feel small that is deeply enlivening, because part of awe is also a feeling of being held and connected by something larger, more beautiful, and communal.
We generally don’t like to feel small, and a lot of our current state of nonstop agitation comes from armoring ourselves against the fear and defensiveness that arises in us when we feel pressed down by larger, more aggressive forces that seem to want us to feel insignificant.
Awe is a way to feel small that is also deeply enlivening, because part of awe is also a feeling of being held and connected to something larger, more beautiful, and communal. The group of astronauts on the recent Artemis II mission talked about this often and openly, and their shared sense of wonder magnetically drew in millions of followers. They offered living proof that there’s something bigger than this moment of strife. That sense of connection they described—the truth of our interdependence, which I think deep down we are all starved to feel and believe in again—is quieter and much more real than the blaring comment sections of social media that are constantly shouting at us about how separate and hopelessly broken we all are.
The sterility and atomization of modern life tends to rob us of these essential human experiences of awe and wonder, and the natural world tends to replenish them.
The Paradox of Awe, Surrender, and Beginner’s Mind
What research is finding is something contemplatives have long pointed to: a loosening of the ego, a softening of that grasping sense that we have to be the center of everything in order to feel alright. In meditation, this letting go of our need to feel special and smart is a quality we sometimes call “beginner’s mind.” It’s a place where it is okay to admit that we don’t know a whole bunch of things, maybe most things, and it’s also okay that we don’t know.
Yes, life is serious sometimes, but often not in the ways we imagine. Meditation is, in part, a way of gently reminding ourselves that we don’t have to take ourselves so dang seriously all the time.
As the poet Mary Oliver wrote while watching a gathering of goldfinches:
...it is a serious thing
just to be alive on this fresh morning in the broken world. I beg of you,
do not walk by without pausing to attend to this…
The great irony, of course, is that in that moment of surrender, we actually open ourselves up to a fresh set of possibilities that our certainty and desperate need to feel big tend to foreclose us to. The “I don’t know” becomes the doorway to wisdom, and the “I don’t have to be special by the world’s standards” becomes a way to access a sense of real, unconditional belonging and belovedness, even in our imperfection.
Meditation can help unlock these states of expansive, cradled surrender. It turns out a canopy of trees, a wide-open field, or the particular shimmering quality of late-afternoon light through leaves can take us there, too.
Meditation can help unlock these states of expansive, cradled surrender. It turns out a canopy of trees, a wide-open field, or the particular shimmering quality of late-afternoon light through leaves can take us there, too.
What Happens in Your Mind
If you’ve ever tried to meditate after a long day at the computer and found your mind spinning, there’s a reason for that—and spending some time in green spaces can help with this, too.
Attention Restoration Theory proposes that mental fatigue and concentration can be improved by time spent in, or even just looking at, green spaces. It suggests that natural environments encourage more effortless brain function, allowing directed attention to rest and replenish itself. Our focused, striving attention—the kind we use to meet deadlines, manage inboxes, and navigate hard conversations—is a finite resource. It gets depleted. And ordinary urban environments, with their constant demands and stimulation, keep drawing from that well.
Natural environments evoke what researchers call “soft fascination.” Isn’t that a gorgeous phrase? This is an effortless, gentle form of attention, similar to mind-wandering but still directed outward. It allows our directed attention to rest while the mind quietly restores itself. Think of how your whole being feels when you’re watching a drifting cloud or noticing the way wind undulates a field of wild grasses, or what happens when you just sit and listen to the sound of rain drop-drop-dropping into a lake. These things don’t demand anything of us. They simply invite us to be present—which is, of course, the whole point.
A Gentle Green-Space Invitation
The research is compelling, but I know that you don’t need a study to tell you what you’ve likely already felt. Nature returns us to something. It slows us down, opens us up, and reminds us that we are part of something much larger than the constantly-shuffling contents of our minds.
Whether it’s a 20-minute walk before your morning sit, a lunch break in the park, or simply pausing to notice a patch of sky—time outside is time well spent. It offers a balm for your nervous system, nurtures your sense of wonder, and encourages the quiet, open awareness that sits at the heart of our practice.
When it comes to facial feminization surgery, few surgeons in the world bring the depth of training, precision, and expertise that Dr. Harrison Lee does to the operating room. A triple board-certified facial plastic surgeon with practices in Beverly Hills and New York City, Dr. Lee has spent nearly three decades at the intersection of surgical science and aesthetic medicine. Nowhere is that more evident than in his work in Facial Feminization Surgery (or FFS).
A Foundation Built on Bone
What separates a skilled FFS surgeon from others in the field is not just technique. Dr. Lee’s educational background gave him exactly the foundational knowledge of the facial skeleton needed for this specialization. After graduating from Tufts Dental School in an accelerated three-year program, he completed a four-year residency in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, taught at NYU as a clinical assistant professor, and then returned to school to earn his MD. Continuing on, he spent five years completing a Head and Neck Surgery residency at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City and a Facial Plastic Surgery Fellowship under world-renowned surgeon Dr. Frank Kamer in Beverly Hills. This extensive path to expertise produced a surgeon with a comprehensive understanding of the face, from the underlying bone structure to the overlying soft tissue. A combination quintessential in FFS.
Dr. Harrison Lee
What FFS Actually Involves
At its core, FFS is the process of reshaping characteristically masculine facial features into those that read as more feminine. That process begins with a clear understanding of the structural and traditionally visible differences between the male and female face.
Dr. Lee specifically and carefully considers the particularities that these surgeries require. The male jaw, for instance, descends sharply from the ear and typically forms a near-90-degree angle. It tends to be angular and prominent, often accentuated by a well-developed masseter muscle. The male chin is generally wider and more square. The brow bone is frequently more pronounced, sitting lower and heavier above the eyes. The hairline is another key characteristic that is commonly distinguished by an M-shaped recession at the temples in men, while women tend to have a softer, more rounded hairline along the sides.
Addressing these features requires more than surface-level work. For jaw reduction, Dr. Lee uses a measured, surgical approach that he distinguishes from less precise methods used by other practitioners. “We don’t grind the bone,” he explains. “Once you start grinding the bone, it turns to dust and you don’t know how much you’re taking. I actually measure it and cut it off. It’s a lot more exact.”
For the chin, his preferred technique is the T-genioplasty, performed entirely through incisions inside the mouth. He cuts the chin horizontally, removes a central vertical segment, and brings the remaining portions inward, allowing the overlying skin to follow naturally. This method avoids a cosmetic complication known as a witch’s chin, which can occur when bone is simply shaved down and the soft tissue does not retract as expected.
The forehead is addressed with equal care. Dr. Lee reduces prominent brow bones and, where needed, advances the hairline to correct the M-shaped recession at the temples. This can be performed with a simultaneous brow lift through the same incision, minimizing additional scarring and surgical time.
A Comprehensive Approach in a Single Surgery
One of the defining aspects of Dr. Lee’s practice is his ability to address the full range of FFS procedures in a single operative session, and on the clock. A complete FFS package under his care can include hairline advancement, brow bone reduction, brow lift, rhinoplasty, upper lip shortening, jaw reduction, T-genioplasty, tracheal shave for Adam’s apple reduction, and cheek augmentation through fat transfer and implants. His goal is to complete the full procedure within a six to seven hour window. Any longer becomes uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous for the patient.
Dr. Lee approaches every case without applying a standard formula. They require reading each individual face carefully and making decisions that serve both the patient’s goals and the best possible individual and aesthetic outcome.
Trust Built Through Experience and Results
For transgender patients, many of whom have had complex or difficult experiences within the medical system, trust is a critical part of the patient-surgeon relationship. Dr. Lee has built that trust through a combination of credentials, experience, and results. His patients have included notable public figures such as Caitlyn Jenner, Nikita Dragun, and Dylan Mulvaney, and his reputation in the FFS community is grounded in consistently natural-looking, successful outcomes.
He is straightforward about the broader landscape of FFS care. As demand for the procedure grew, many surgeons without adequate training in facial bone surgery began offering FFS. The outcomes in those cases were often poor. “Not every surgeon is well-versed in this type of surgery,” he says. “If you’re not well-versed in these techniques, you shouldn’t be doing these procedures.”
For Dr. Lee, Facial Feminization Surgery represents both a technical discipline and a meaningful area of medicine. It offers patients the opportunity to align their external appearance with their identity, and it demands the highest level of surgical skill to do well. With 27 years of practice and a surgical background that few in his field can match, Dr. Lee continues to be one of the most trusted and sought-after surgeons in facial feminization surgery today.
A new toothpaste developed by German researchers is gaining attention for its different approach to gum disease care. Instead of using broad antimicrobial ingredients that wipe out many bacteria in the mouth, this formula is designed to target harmful microbes linked to periodontitis while preserving beneficial bacteria. That shift may help improve oral microbiome health while still supporting daily brushing routines.
Traditional oral care products often focus on killing bacteria as widely as possible. While that can reduce harmful germs, it may also disturb the natural balance of the mouth. This new direction in periodontitis treatment aims to reduce damage caused by bad bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis while helping good bacteria remain active for better gum disease prevention.
New Toothpaste: Targeted Pathogen Inhibition Mechanism
The science behind this new toothpaste centers on selective action. Instead of sterilizing the mouth, it uses targeted pathogen inhibition to interfere with harmful bacteria associated with periodontitis. That means microbes tied to inflammation and gum tissue damage may lose their ability to thrive, while beneficial bacteria can continue supporting normal oral balance.
According to ScienceDaily, researchers from Fraunhofer developed a compound that blocks disease-causing bacteria without harming healthy microbes in the mouth. Their work led to toothpaste products through PerioTrap Pharmaceuticals, a spin-off focused on microbiome-friendly oral care. This approach may reduce the rebound effect sometimes seen after aggressive antibacterial rinses.
For consumers, that could mean a brushing product that supports fresher breath, cleaner teeth, and healthier gums while respecting the mouth’s natural ecosystem. As awareness grows around oral microbiome health, more people are looking for products that balance effectiveness with gentler long-term care.
Gum Disease: Traditional Treatments vs Microbiome-Friendly Alternatives
Gum disease treatment has long relied on professional cleanings, scaling and root planing, and antiseptic rinses. These methods can be effective, especially when infection is advanced. However, some chemical rinses may remove both harmful and beneficial bacteria, creating a temporary imbalance in the oral environment.
Based on information from the CDC, gum disease ranges from gingivitis to more severe periodontitis, which can lead to bone loss and tooth loss if not managed. Good oral hygiene and regular dental visits remain essential parts of prevention and treatment.
That is why microbiome-friendly toothpaste options are attracting interest. Rather than replacing professional dental care, they may serve as an added daily tool that supports healthier plaque control. Keeping beneficial bacteria present may also help reduce inflammation triggers and encourage a more stable oral environment between dental visits.
Periodontitis Treatment: Clinical Evidence and Product Availability
The future of periodontitis treatment may involve products that work with the body instead of against it. Researchers studying oral microbiomes have found that some toothpaste formulas can shift bacterial communities toward healthier patterns when used consistently.
Based on a clinical study available through PerioTrap, participants using microbiome-supportive toothpaste showed measurable changes in oral bacteria associated with better gum health. These findings suggest that brushing products can influence microbial balance, not just surface cleanliness.
Products linked to Fraunhofer IZI PerioTrap have entered parts of the European market, with wider availability expected to depend on regulatory approvals and distribution plans. As more evidence emerges, consumers may see more options focused on preserving beneficial bacteria while controlling pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Additional Information About New Toothpaste for Gum Disease
New research around microbiome-friendly oral care gives readers useful context beyond the main story. These added sections can strengthen the article by explaining practical benefits, risks, and what users should know before trying a new toothpaste.
Who May Benefit Most From New Toothpaste: People with early signs of gum disease, bleeding gums, recurring plaque buildup, or sensitivity may benefit from a formula that targets harmful bacteria without disrupting healthy microbes. It may also help those looking for gentler long-term oral care.
How to Use New Toothpaste for Best Results: Brush twice daily using the new toothpaste and maintain regular flossing habits for better gum disease prevention. Consistent use is often necessary to support oral microbiome balance over time.
What Makes It Different From Regular Toothpaste: Traditional toothpaste often focuses on cleaning, whitening, or broad antibacterial action. A microbiome-friendly toothpaste is designed to support oral microbiome health while selectively addressing harmful bacteria.
When to See a Dentist for Gum Disease: If symptoms like bleeding gums, swelling, bad breath, loose teeth, or gum recession continue, professional care is important. Toothpaste can help daily care, but advanced periodontitis treatment usually requires dental treatment.
Possible Long-Term Benefits of Oral Microbiome Health: A balanced oral microbiome may help lower inflammation, reduce plaque buildup, and improve gum comfort. Supporting healthy bacteria may also reduce the chance of recurring gum issues.
Can New Toothpaste Replace Dental Treatments?: No toothpaste can fully replace professional cleanings or deep cleaning procedures for severe gum disease. It works best as a supportive product alongside dentist-recommended care.
How Fraunhofer IZI PerioTrap Stands Out: Fraunhofer IZI PerioTrap products focus on targeted pathogen inhibition, aiming to control bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis while preserving beneficial species. This approach differs from older broad-spectrum methods.
What to Expect After Switching Toothpaste: Some users may notice fresher breath, less gum irritation, or cleaner-feeling teeth after regular use. Results vary depending on oral hygiene habits and the severity of existing gum problems.
Revolutionize Gum Disease Prevention With Microbiome-Friendly Toothpaste
Daily brushing habits are changing as science learns more about the oral microbiome. A new toothpaste that targets harmful bacteria while preserving healthy ones may offer a smarter route to gum disease prevention. Instead of creating imbalance, it aims to support a naturally healthier mouth.
While no toothpaste replaces regular dental checkups or professional treatment, microbiome-focused products could become valuable additions to home care. For people concerned about bleeding gums, recurring plaque, or long-term oral microbiome health, this new category may represent one of the most promising advances in modern oral hygiene.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How does new toothpaste help gum disease?
This new toothpaste is designed to target harmful bacteria connected to gum disease instead of killing all bacteria in the mouth. That selective action may help maintain a healthier microbial balance. Good bacteria can continue supporting normal oral conditions. It may become a useful tool alongside brushing and flossing.
2. Can toothpaste cure periodontitis?
Toothpaste alone cannot cure advanced periodontitis treatment needs. Severe gum disease often requires professional dental cleaning, deep cleaning, or specialist care. However, the right toothpaste may support gum health between visits. It can be part of a complete treatment plan.
3. Why is oral microbiome health important?
The mouth contains helpful bacteria that assist in maintaining balance and resisting harmful microbes. If that balance is disrupted, inflammation and plaque problems may increase. Strong oral microbiome health may help reduce gum issues over time. It also supports overall oral comfort and cleanliness.
4. Is microbiome-friendly toothpaste safe for daily use?
Many microbiome-friendly toothpaste products are created for regular brushing use. Safety depends on ingredients, manufacturer standards, and local approvals. It is wise to follow label directions and ask a dentist if you have sensitive gums or dental concerns. Choosing reputable brands is always recommended.
When I speak about “democracy” here, please make a distinction in your mind between what democracy once aspired to be and what it has become. Real democracy is not a political war, and it is not something we do only on election days. It is not focused solely, or chiefly, on winning expensive political campaigns.
True democracy is how people like you and me work together across disagreements and divisions to care for ourselves, for each other, and for the life we share.
True democracy is how people like you and me work together across disagreements and divisions to care for ourselves, for each other, and for the life we share.
And true democracy does not work without mindfulness.
Democracy demands the skills we learn by practicing mindfulness: paying attention, slowing down, listening carefully, looking deeply, pausing judgment, sitting with strong emotions.
Mindfulness is how we keep from being overwhelmed, or at least from feeling overwhelmed about being overwhelmed. Practicing mindfulness, we learn how to respond to life, not just react to it.
Mindfulness is how we reclaim the ability to make deliberate, considered choices about how we engage with life and with challenges. Mindfulness is how we recover our agency as human beings—and this is another reason why democracy does not work without mindfulness.
An Unrecognized Foundation of Democracy
Years of studying democracy as a scholar, and of teaching university students to be citizens and civic leaders, has convinced me that mindfulness is the foundation of civic education. In my new book On Mindful Democracy (Parallax, 2026), I argue that for democracy to regain its power to change lives and worlds, we the people must learn to live more mindfully.
We must learn to practice “mindful democracy.”
Start With Attention
Mindfulness begins as a practice of learning to pay attention to whatever is happening in this moment.
It’s hard to enjoy life, or to effect any kind of real change, if we’re unable to focus on what is happening. Practicing mindfulness builds the power of concentration, something that eludes many of us in the attention economy of social media. Without this foundational power of attention, democracy does not work.
Slow Down
Once we have trained ourselves to pay attention, the practice of mindfulness turns toward slowing down and looking deeply. A distracted mind is like a lake on a windy day—the waves roar, churning up the muck and making it impossible to see to the bottom of things.
By focusing and stilling the mind, it becomes possible to look deeply and gain new insights into ourselves and this life.
We Love Independence. What About Interdependence?
One profound insight of mindfulness practice is that everything is interconnected in a web of cause and effect. The world is constantly changing, and it is changing together in an intricate dance of individuals and ensembles. Everything that exists is contingent upon an infinity of other things for its existence; change one thing, and everything else changes, too. Nothing, and no one, is truly apart.
The man that introduced many people in North America and Europe to mindfulness, Thich Nhat Hanh, coined the term “interbeing” to describe this reality. Interbeing means “this is because that is.” This implies that every “I” is also a “We,” every life an example of cooperation. In the words of the great poet of democracy, Walt Whitman, “I am large, I contain multitudes.”
All being is interbeing. All independence is also interdependence.
All being is interbeing. All independence is also interdependence.
Mindfulness and Re-Imagining Us vs. Them
Most of us have been conditioned since childhood to see the world in terms of what I call “enemyship”: friends vs. enemies.
In the process, we’ve lost track of how deeply interconnected we truly are. A jewel of mindfulness practice is that it wakes us up to our interdependence, potentially correcting one of our culture’s greatest blind spots.
It’s not enough to simply understand interdependence on an intellectual level. Mindfulness opens us to experiencing interdependence in an embodied way. Yes, we understand in our minds that our fates are bound, but we also feel it in our hearts, see it in our breath, and hear it in our words. We recognize that life is not a zero-sum game in which your joy somehow diminishes mine, and that happiness is not an apple pie with a limited number of slices.
Mindfulness shows us that, at our core, we are not opposed. This is an essential realization for democracy, which requires learning to disagree—and still work together to reduce suffering—without turning each other into enemies.
Mindfulness shows us that, at our core, we are not opposed. This is an essential realization for democracy, which requires learning to disagree—and still work together to reduce suffering—without turning each other into enemies.
In the real world, this mindful concept of connection has profound implications for our individual and collective lives: If you suffer less, I will suffer less, for you will be less likely to inflict your suffering on me. And if we suffer less, all of us suffer less, for we will be less likely to inflict our suffering on the world. All of us benefit when there is less suffering, and more joy, in the world: which, of course, is a foundational goal of democracy.
We live in a culture that seems determined to get us down—on ourselves and on each other. Hope is in short supply. But even in moments of conflict, division, and great suffering, like this one, the conditions for transformation are also present.
We already have the things we most need to build a more loving and compassionate world: we have each other, and we have our mindfulness practice.
Your gut microbiome is shaped by more than food choices and lifestyle habits. New research suggests that the people you live with may also influence the mix of microbes in your digestive system. Through everyday contact, shared spaces, meals, and routines, housemates and partners may gradually exchange bacteria that contribute to microbial diversity and overall wellness.
This growing digestive health study area shows that close social relationships can affect the balance of gut bacteria over time. Couples and families often develop more similar microbial communities than people living alone. These findings are helping scientists better understand how relationships, environment, and daily interactions may support long-term digestive and immune health.
Gut Microbiome: Mechanisms of Social Microbial Exchange
The gut microbiome changes constantly in response to diet, sleep, stress, and environment. Researchers now believe that close personal contact may also play a major role through social microbial exchange. Shared kitchens, touching common surfaces, preparing food together, hugging, and kissing can all create opportunities for bacteria to move between people.
According to ScienceDaily, a study led by the University of East Anglia found that people living closely together shared more anaerobic gut microbes, especially bacteria that do not survive long outside the body. This suggests direct social contact may be important in transferring specific strains that would otherwise struggle to spread through air or surfaces alone.
Researchers noted that couples and cohabiting individuals often showed stronger microbial overlap than unrelated people living apart. These findings support the idea that everyday routines can gradually reshape the microbial ecosystem inside the body.
Gut Bacteria: Evidence From Human and Animal Cohorts
Studies involving humans and animals continue to show how gut bacteria may reflect social relationships. In households, family members often develop similar microbiome patterns because they share food, schedules, and environments. However, evidence suggests direct contact may create additional microbial overlap beyond those shared lifestyle factors.
Based on a study conducted by Nature, strong social bonds in animal groups were linked to more similar gut microbiota compositions. Researchers observed that animals spending more time grooming or staying near one another often carried closer microbial profiles.
Human studies report similar patterns. Married couples or long-term partners may have higher microbiome similarity than siblings who live separately. Some findings also suggest that people living with others may show greater microbial richness than those experiencing prolonged social isolation, though more research is still needed.
Digestive Health Study: Health Implications of Shared Microbiomes
Why does this matter? A more diverse gut microbiome is often linked with better resilience and stronger digestive function. Scientists are examining whether microbial sharing through social contact could support positive health outcomes by increasing helpful strains or maintaining variety within the microbiome.
According to the National Institutes of Health, gut microbial diversity is associated with immune regulation, metabolism, and digestive balance. Lower diversity has been linked in some studies to inflammation and metabolic disorders, while higher diversity is generally considered beneficial.
That does not mean every shared bacterium is helpful, but it highlights how human connection may influence health in ways once overlooked. Living with others may contribute to microbial exchange that supports digestion, immunity, and adaptation to environmental stressors.
Additional Insights on Shared Living and Gut Microbiome Health
As scientists learn more about shared microbes, readers often want practical details about how everyday living arrangements affect digestive wellness. This added section expands on the article with useful points connected to household habits, relationships, and gut health.
How Shared Kitchens Influence Gut Bacteria: People who cook and eat together are often exposed to similar foods, surfaces, and meal schedules. These shared habits may help shape comparable gut bacteria communities over time.
Why Couples Gut Similarity Happens: Partners usually spend more time in close contact than most other relationships. Frequent interaction can increase opportunities for microbial exchange and stronger couples gut similarity.
Can Pets Affect the Gut Microbiome Too?: Household pets introduce additional microbes into the home environment. Some studies suggest pet ownership may increase microbial diversity in shared spaces.
Does Living Alone Change Digestive Health?: People living alone may have less exposure to shared household microbes from regular close contact. Diet, stress levels, and social routines may then play a larger role in shaping digestive health.
How Hygiene Habits Fit Into Social Microbial Exchange: Clean living spaces and proper hygiene remain important while microbial sharing occurs naturally. Good habits help reduce harmful germs while allowing normal environmental exposure.
Can Roommates Share Similar Gut Bacteria?: Roommates who share bathrooms, kitchens, and routines may gradually develop some microbiome overlap. The level of similarity often depends on contact frequency and lifestyle habits.
Why Diversity Matters for Gut Health: A more diverse gut microbiome is often associated with resilience and balanced digestion. Exposure to varied environments and healthy habits may support that diversity.
Best Daily Habits to Support a Healthy Microbiome: Eat fiber-rich foods, stay active, sleep well, and manage stress consistently. Positive routines often have the biggest long-term effect on microbiome balance.
Optimize Gut Microbiome Health Through Shared Living Dynamics
The idea that relationships affect the gut microbiome adds a new layer to digestive wellness. Food choices, exercise, and sleep still matter greatly, but daily interaction with partners, family, and housemates may also help shape internal microbial communities. Human health is connected not only to habits, but also to the people around us.
Supporting healthy gut bacteria still starts with balanced nutrition, fiber-rich foods, movement, and stress management. Yet this research suggests that positive shared living environments may offer another benefit. The microbes exchanged through everyday contact could become part of a broader picture of long-term digestive and immune health.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can living with someone really change your gut microbiome?
Yes, research suggests close contact and shared environments may gradually influence your gut microbiome. Couples and housemates often show more similar microbial patterns over time. Shared meals, surfaces, and routines may all contribute. Scientists continue to study how strong this effect can be.
2. Are all shared gut bacteria beneficial?
Not every microbe transferred between people is automatically beneficial. Some bacteria are neutral, while others may support digestive balance. Health depends on the overall diversity and stability of the microbiome. Good hygiene and healthy habits still remain important.
3. Do couples have more similar gut bacteria than friends?
Studies suggest long-term couples may have greater microbial similarity than unrelated people who do not live together. Shared homes and frequent close contact likely play a role. Similar diets and schedules can also influence results. Individual differences still remain significant.
4. How can I improve gut microbiome health naturally?
Focus on fiber-rich foods, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fermented foods when appropriate. Regular exercise, quality sleep, and stress control also support the gut microbiome. Limiting unnecessary antibiotics may help preserve diversity. Healthy social connection may be another helpful factor.
What can physicians do to promote healthy, life-extending lifestyle changes?
A pivotal paper published in Europe more than a decade ago entitled “Healthy Living Is the Best Revenge” found that practicing just four simple, healthy lifestyle factors compared to none could potentially have a strong impact on preventing chronic diseases. We’re talking nearly 80% less chronic disease risk, slashing diabetes risk by 93%, dropping heart attack risk by 81%, and cutting stroke risk in half and cancer risk by 36%. Think about what that means. The potential for preventing disease and death is enormous. In the United States alone every year, there are a half million first heart attacks, a half million first strokes, a million new cases of diabetes, and a million new cancer diagnoses. The message is clear: Practicing a few healthy behaviors can have a huge impact.
What are those four fabled factors?
never smoking
not being obese
averaging about a half hour of exercise a day
following healthful dietary principles, including a lot of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and less meat
Follow those four simple rules and boom! Enjoy nearly 80% reduced risk of major chronic diseases.
What does that mean for mortality risk? As I discuss in my video How to Increase Your Life Expectancy 12 to 14 Years, a similar combination of four healthy behaviors predicted “a 4-fold difference in total mortality in men and women, with an estimated impact equivalent to 14 y[ears] in chronological age,” meaning the individuals were dying at such a reduced rate that it was as if they were 14 years younger. “Finally, a Regimen to Extend Human Life Expectancy,” proclaimed a commentary in reference to a study that had made a similar analysis of the impact of healthy lifestyle behaviors on life expectancies. But this time, it looked directly at the U.S. population, which is particularly important, since Americans have a shorter life expectancy compared to people living in nearly all other higher-income countries. The researchers concluded that a healthy lifestyle could substantially reduce premature mortality and increase life expectancy in U.S. adults. Okay, but by how much? They estimated that adhering to a low-risk lifestyle could extend life expectancy at age 50 by 14 years in women and 12.2 years in men. So, if you’re 50 right now, instead of only living to 79 if you’re a woman and 75½ if you’re a man in the United States, taking even just basic care of yourself could propel you to an average life expectancy of 93 if you’re a woman and 87½ if you’re a man.
The bottom line is it’s never too late to turn back the clock. A midlife switch just to the basics—at least five daily servings of fruits and vegetables, walking 20 minutes a day, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight—leads to a substantial reduction in mortality even in the following few years. We’re talking a 40% lower risk of dying in the subsequent four years. Indeed, “making the necessary changes to adhere to a healthy lifestyle is extremely worthwhile, and…middle-age is not too late to act.”
As an aside, when I realized the 12 to 14 years of added life expectancy were based on data from health professionals, I got excited about all the potential ripple effects. If health professionals start getting healthier, they can become role models for more healthful living and potentially save more lives than just their own. But that may have been wishful thinking. Practicing what you preach can sometimes backfire. Evidently, “displays of excellence can paradoxically turn off the very people they are trying to inspire.”
It’s reasonable to assume that not being a hypocrite and trying to walk the walk would lead to positive consequences, inspiring confidence in others. Don’t you want a dance instructor who can dance, a music teacher who can play, and a health professional who’s healthy? But “this simple intuition fails to take into account the concerns about devaluation than an expert’s superior behavior elicits in others”—that is, that may make people feel inadequate. For example, you know how vegetarians often become targets of ridicule and hostility? That’s because they may come off as morally superior and make other people feel like they’re being looked down upon.
There was an elegant demonstration of this phenomenon in a study where “principled deviants who take the high road threaten others’ moral self-worth.” Participants were asked to complete “a racist task,” and those “moral rebels” who refused to do so were cheered on by observers but disparaged by their fellow participants who had done the task. Why? Because the rebels’ stance was “an implied indictment of their spinelessness.” Isn’t that interesting?
So, when doctors portray themselves as “the picture of health,” patients might think they’re being holier-than-thou, which can unintentionally alienate those who need the doctors’ help the most. It’s easy to imagine how someone with a weight issue might feel threatened and judged by a physician triathlete. But what are we supposed to do? We want healthy practitioners. Physicians who smoke are less likely to tell their patients to quit smoking, physicians who are overweight are less likely to advise about weight loss, and physicians who don’t work out are less likely to talk about exercise. What doctors can do to make patients more comfortable is emphasize that their role is to help people meet their own personal health goals, whatever they may be. Studies show that when doctors take this approach, it increases the appeal of “fitness-focused” physicians to overweight patients. So, doctors can then display model behavior without inadvertently alienating those who would most benefit from their counsel.
Doctor’s Note
For more on lifestyle medicine, see related posts below.
Hidden viruses in the gut are emerging as a new frontier in cancer research, and the virome may be just as important as bacteria when it comes to colorectal cancer risk. A newly described bacteriophage hiding inside common Bacteroides bacteria has been linked to roughly doubled odds of developing colorectal cancer, and it may one day serve as a non‑invasive stool biomarker for earlier detection.
This finding is pushing scientists to look beyond bacteria alone and consider how viral communities in the intestine shape health and disease.
Colorectal Cancer and the Need for Better Screening
Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or rectum, usually from small polyps that can become malignant over many years.
Because early stages often cause no symptoms, detection before spread is crucial for survival and treatment success. When found early, colorectal cancer is usually much more treatable and associated with better long‑term outcomes.
Current screening tools include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood tests (FOBT/FIT), and stool DNA tests. Colonoscopy is highly effective but invasive, requires bowel preparation, and can be difficult to access for some people.
Stool‑based tests are simpler and non‑invasive, but they can miss early cancers or advanced polyps. These limitations drive interest in new stool biomarkers, including those that come from the gut virome, bacteriophages, and specific Bacteroides strains.
Microbiome, Virome, and Cancer Risk
Most research on colorectal cancer and the gut has focused on the microbiome, the community of bacteria in the intestine. Studies repeatedly show that certain bacteria, such as Fusobacterium and some Bacteroides species, are more common in people with colorectal cancer than in healthy controls.
These microbes may promote inflammation, produce toxins, or form biofilms that help tumors develop and escape immune defenses.
Alongside bacteria, the gut also hosts a rich virome, made up largely of bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, not human cells. Bacteriophages can integrate into bacterial genomes (as prophages) or lyse their hosts. In doing so, they can change which bacteria are present and how they behave.
A bacterium carrying a particular prophage may produce more toxins, adhere more strongly to the gut lining, or interact differently with the immune system.
Because of these effects, the virome is now seen as an important factor in colorectal cancer. Distinct bacteriophage patterns have been observed in stool samples from colorectal cancer patients.
These patterns suggest that certain phages, especially those linked to Bacteroides, could act as both contributors to disease and as stool biomarkers that signal increased risk.
Bacteroides fragilis and a Hidden Bacteriophage
Bacteroides is a major bacterial genus in the human colon and plays key roles in digestion and immune development. Among its species, Bacteroides fragilis is widely present in healthy individuals.
Most strains are harmless or beneficial, but some enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains produce toxins that can cause diarrhea and chronic inflammation.
Recent work has revealed a previously unrecognized bacteriophage integrated into Bacteroides fragilis genomes. In its prophage state, this virus sits quietly inside the bacterial DNA and is not visible as an active infection.
Using high‑throughput sequencing of bacterial isolates and stool samples, researchers identified a specific viral sequence that appeared far more often in Bacteroides fragilis from people with colorectal cancer than in those without the disease.
This suggests that the combination of Bacteroides and a particular bacteriophage may matter more than the bacterium alone.
How Strong Is the Association With Colorectal Cancer?
Across large international cohorts, individuals with colorectal cancer were about twice as likely to carry this Bacteroides‑associated bacteriophage compared with cancer‑free controls.
This does not prove that the virus causes cancer, but it signals a strong association worth further study. It raises the possibility that the bacteriophage could affect bacterial virulence, toxin production, or interactions with the gut lining in ways that promote tumor development.
Mechanistically, researchers suspect that prophage integration might alter gene regulation in Bacteroides fragilis, increase production of inflammatory or genotoxic factors, or encourage biofilm formation on the colon mucosa.
Even if the virus itself is not directly oncogenic, it may mark a broader virome and microbiome shift that creates a more cancer‑prone environment. From a screening perspective, this kind of consistent association is valuable, because a reliable marker can help identify people at higher risk.
Virome-Based Stool Biomarkers: A New Screening Frontier
Stool is an ideal medium for non‑invasive testing because it contains DNA and RNA from bacteria, viruses, and the host. Traditional stool tests for colorectal cancer look for blood or human DNA mutations.
Microbiome‑based approaches add information about bacterial composition. Virome‑based testing extends this by targeting bacteriophages and other gut viruses as additional indicators.
Bacteriophages are attractive stool biomarkers because they are abundant and often highly specific to their bacterial hosts. A virome‑focused assay could, in principle, detect the Bacteroides‑associated bacteriophage linked to colorectal cancer.
This could be done with broad metagenomic sequencing or with targeted PCR approaches that look specifically for the viral sequence.
In real‑world use, such a viral marker would likely be combined with bacterial, human DNA, and blood‑based markers in a multi‑parameter stool test, improving sensitivity for early disease while maintaining acceptable false‑positive rates.
Before any virome‑based stool biomarker becomes part of standard care, it must be validated in large prospective studies, tested across diverse populations, and shown to be cost‑effective and practical in routine clinics. Laboratory methods will need standardization, and regulatory approval will be required.
Virome-Driven Advances in Colorectal Cancer Prevention
The emerging link between the gut virome, specific bacteriophages, Bacteroides, and colorectal cancer underscores how complex the intestinal ecosystem is. As research continues, virome‑based stool biomarkers may complement colonoscopy and existing stool tests, offering more personalized and less invasive screening options.
If the Bacteroides‑associated bacteriophage consistently identifies individuals at higher risk, an accessible stool biomarker built around this virome signal could help detect colorectal cancer earlier and guide timely prevention and treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can changing my diet modify the gut virome and possibly affect colorectal cancer risk?
A diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables can shift both the microbiome and virome toward more diverse, stable communities, which is generally associated with lower inflammation and may indirectly reduce colorectal cancer risk.
2. Is it possible to remove harmful bacteriophages like the one in Bacteroides with probiotics?
Current probiotics mainly influence bacteria, not specific bacteriophages; while they might alter the overall ecosystem, there is no evidence yet that standard probiotic products selectively remove this Bacteroides‑associated virus.
3. Could antibiotics help by eliminating Bacteroides strains carrying cancer‑linked bacteriophages?
Broad antibiotics can reduce Bacteroides and associated phages, but they also disrupt beneficial microbes and may harm long‑term gut health, so they are not considered a targeted or preventive strategy for colorectal cancer.
4. Are at-home microbiome tests able to detect virome patterns linked to colorectal cancer?
Most consumer microbiome kits focus on bacterial DNA and do not comprehensively profile the virome, so they cannot reliably detect cancer‑associated bacteriophage signatures at this time.
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Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction instructor Cheryl Jones leads us in a practice to foster self-acceptance in any life circumstance.
Mindfulness meditation involves a willingness to be with ourselves as we are. It offers a way of learning to work with ourselves, and not on ourselves, especially if you are healing from perfectionism.
So what does it look like to simply meet yourself, regardless of what’s going on or how you’re feeling?
In this guided practice with Cheryl Jones, we can start to notice whatever is happening within us and around us with curiosity and kindness. Mindfulness reminds us that not everything has to be “fixed”—and very often, our movement back to wellness starts when we stop trying to change ourselves and simply accept where we are with care and attention.
A Meditation to Meet Yourself Where You Are—No Matter What
Read and practice the guided meditation script below, pausing after each paragraph. Or listen to the audio practice.
Find your way to an upright and dignified posture. Close your eyes or lower your eyes in a soft gaze. Place your feet on the ground and relax your arms at your sides. Rest your hands in your lap. Draw your shoulder blades subtly toward each other, allowing the chin to be parallel with the floor. Lift the crown of your head toward the sky. Perhaps soften the belly and the jaw.
Notice what it feels like to stop. Notice what it feels like to be sitting in this purposeful posture in this moment, in this space. And perhaps now take a moment to welcome yourself to your practice, acknowledging your willingness to be here for yourself in this way.
Notice that you are breathing. There’s no need to change or manipulate the breath in any way. Allow the breath to be just as it is right here, right now. Simply follow the breath in and follow the breath out.
Notice where you feel the sensations of the breath. Perhaps you’re aware of the air moving in and out at the nostrils and the upper lip. You could possibly be sensing the gentle expanding and contracting of the chest and ribs. Maybe you feel the abdomen rising and sinking. Allow your attention to rest on the sensations of the breath as it flows in and out of the body.
As you’re sitting here with the attention on the breath, just meet yourself. You may notice thoughts going through the mind. There’s no need to block thoughts out. Rather, see if it is possible to allow thoughts to pass through the mind one by one. Let go of any need to label thoughts as positive or negative. Good or bad. Find a neutral way to be with your thoughts. See if it’s possible to be aware of thoughts without grasping or clinging to any one thought. And also without rejecting or denying any particular thought.
Shift your attention now to any feelings that may be present in this moment. Breathing in and breathing out. Acknowledge any feeling just as it is. Sometimes we have feelings about our feelings. We may feel that one feeling is OK or acceptable while another is not. All feelings are acceptable.
Now, bring your awareness to sensations within the body. Warmth. Coolness. Tingling. Tightness. Pulsation. Relaxation. Hunger. Fullness. Notice what’s happening within the body in this moment. Do this with patience and kindness. Explore sensations both strong and subtle with curiosity.
As you breathe in and breathe out, notice if your posture has shifted. And then make any adjustments, if you’d like. Allow yourself to tune in to the body just as it is.
Center your attention on only the breath now. And as we near the end of this practice, follow three more full cycles of breathing. Be as present as possible for each one. Remember this place of awareness is always available to you because it’s within you.
As you feel ready, allow your eyes to open gently if they were closed. Get reacquainted with your surroundings and prepare to reengage with the day. Perhaps set an intention to bring awareness to all that you do and into each interaction.
On some level, many of us are healing from perfectionism, but with mindfulness we can learn to embrace our flaws. Cheryl Jones, founder of The Mindful Path, shares a guided practice to be with ourselves as we are. Read More
