Health Journal Online

Category: Diseases & Conditions

  • Texas Doctors Forced a Miscarrying Woman to Wait Nearly 2 Days Before Receiving Treatment. She Died of a Preventable Infection

    Texas Doctors Forced a Miscarrying Woman to Wait Nearly 2 Days Before Receiving Treatment. She Died of a Preventable Infection

    A woman in Texas reportedly died from a preventable infection because doctors “had to wait until there was no heartbeat,” according to state law, before treating her for a miscarriage at 17 weeks. She left behind a husband and 1-year-old daughter.

    At 17 weeks pregnant, Josseli Barnica was taken to a Houston hospital where doctors told her it was “inevitable” that she would miscarry her son. However, according to ProPublica, they had to wait 40 hours to remove the fetus, leaving her uterus exposed to infection, until there was no heartbeat due to the state’s abortion ban.

    During that time, Barnica prayed she would make it home to her 1-year-old “princess,” but she died the next day with her husband by her side, leaving him to raise his daughter as a single father while most of their family remained in Honduras.

    More than a dozen medical experts, including maternal-fetal medicine specialists, OB-GYNs, and researchers, said Barnica’s death was “preventable.” They also labeled her case as “horrific,” “astounding,” and “egregious,” ProPublica reported.

    Barnica died at HCA Houston Healthcare Northwest, which would not comment directly on her case to ProPublica, but HCA Healthcare stated, “Our responsibility is to be in compliance with applicable state and federal laws and regulations,” adding that physicians exercise their independent judgment.

    Originally published by Latin Times

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  • Alternative For Patients With Limited Antibacterial Treatment Options

    Alternative For Patients With Limited Antibacterial Treatment Options

    A new drug for urinary tract infections, Orlynvah, gets FDA approval, opening new treatment options for those patients with limited or no alternative antibacterial treatments.

    A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection that affects the urinary system, and nearly half of all people assigned female at birth (AFAB) will experience one in their lifetime. Although UTIs are less common in men, they can still occur. Around 1% to 2% of children may also be affected.

    Orlynvah, an oral tablet from drug manufacturer Iterum Therapeutics, combining sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid has been approved for use specifically for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adult women. An uncomplicated urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection of the tract without abnormalities in the structure.

    The new medicine could be a game-changer for those with limited treatment choices, as it showed effectiveness in two large clinical trials with over 3,800 participants. The trial results also indicated that Orlynvah would work similar, or even better than, traditional antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin.

    “The FDA approval of ORLYNVAH™ is tremendous news for those of us who have been hoping for a new option to treat appropriate at-risk patients suffering from UTIs. Based on the totality of clinical data generated, ORLYNVAH™ has the potential to be an important treatment alternative for use in the community,” said Dr. Marjorie Golden, Site Chief, Infectious Disease, St. Raphael Campus Yale New Haven Hospital in a news release.

    However, Orlynvah did not show effectiveness in treating patients with complicated urinary tract infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections.

    The drug could be prescribed to be taken twice daily for 5 days.

    “ORLYNVAH™ offers new hope for patients suffering from difficult-to-treat uUTIs. The introduction of novel products, like ORLYNVAH™, is an important way to combat antimicrobial resistance to other approved oral agents and offers a potential solution to patients and physicians,” said Corey Fishman, Iterum’s Chief Executive Officer.

    Safety information:

    Though Orlynvah is generally deemed safe, there can be certain common side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, vaginal yeast infection, headache, and vomiting.

    Orlynvah is not recommended for those who have gout as it can aggravate symptoms of gout. The drug should not be taken by those patients who have hypersensitivity reactions to sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid or other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. It is also not safe for patients with blood dyscrasias, uric acid kidney stones, and those on ketorolac tromethamine.

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  • A Nurse Married the Train Driver Who Stopped Her from Killing Herself on Railroad Tracks. She Returned the Favor by Saving His Life

    A Nurse Married the Train Driver Who Stopped Her from Killing Herself on Railroad Tracks. She Returned the Favor by Saving His Life

    A British nurse who married the man who saved her from suicide by train has now returned the favor years later.

    Charlotte Lay first met her now-husband Dave Lay in the summer of 2019. Charlotte, who said she has struggled with her mental health since she was a teenager, made an “impulsive decision” to go on to the train tracks to attempt suicide, as reported by SurreyLive.

    However, someone alerted the conductor and the next train stopped for Charlotte. The train driver got off and introduced himself as Dave, and proceeded to just talk to Charlotte until she agreed to get off the tracks and stay with police.

    “The conversation from what I can remember was just about mundane things and about both our lives, but it was enough to break the crisis. Life didn’t feel as heavy anymore,” Charlotte told SurreyLive.

    Desperate to thank Dave for his kindness, Charlotte said she took to Facebook to see if anyone could connect them. One of Dave’s colleagues found her message, and shared his phone number with her, as reported by the BBC.

    The two agreed to meet for coffee two months later, and later began dating. But just a year later, Dave accredited Charlotte for saving his life this time.

    Dave said Charlotte repeatedly told him to go to the doctor after complaining of a bad back. While visiting for that reason in July 2020, Dave was diagnosed with testicular cancer. Dave said that a hospital consultant told him that if he had not been diagnosed when he was, he likely would have died.

    “Charlotte may say I saved her life, which I don’t know about really, but she saved my life as well,” Dave told the BBC.

    Dave was declared cancer free weeks later. The two are still together, and got married in 2022. They now share three children together. Charlotte told the BBC, “Life does get better. You just have to be here to see it.”

    Originally published by Latin Times.

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  • Diabetes Onset Before 40 Raises Risk Of Death To Four Times: Study

    Diabetes Onset Before 40 Raises Risk Of Death To Four Times: Study

    Diabetes is not just about having high blood sugar levels; it is a chronic condition that could potentially lead to several health issues, such as heart attack and stroke. But does the timing of diabetes onset affect the risk of complications and mortality? A recent study revealed that developing diabetes before age 40 is linked to a significantly higher risk of early death.

    While diagnosing diabetes before 40 quadrupled the risk of early death, later onset was linked to a one-and-a-half times higher risk of death compared with the general population without the condition, according to the study published in the Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. The findings underscore the importance of delaying the onset of diabetes to reduce complications and risk of premature death.

    To understand the impact of diabetes on overall health, researchers followed up 4,550 individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes for over 30 years. The participants were between the ages of 25 and 65.

    The analysis revealed that diabetic diagnosis at an earlier stage was linked to a higher rate of related complications, particularly microvascular diseases such as eye damage and kidney failure, and a higher risk of death. Diabetes onset at a younger age also was linked to poorer blood sugar control.

    “Over the past 30 years, the number of young adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has increased markedly worldwide. Evidence to date suggests that younger-onset type 2 diabetes, characterized by earlier and longer exposure to high levels of blood glucose, maybe more aggressive than later onset disease. This might include a faster deterioration in β-cell function—the cells in the pancreas that produce and release insulin- and a greater risk of complications such as cardiovascular and kidney disease,” said Amanda Adler, co-author of the study in a news release.

    According to the lead author of the study, Dr. Beryl Lin, more clinical trials should focus on tailored treatments for delaying diabetic complications in young people.

    “We particularly need to understand why young adults with type 2 diabetes suffer greater risks of complications, and how we can identify and help this vulnerable group of people who have to live with diabetes for the rest of their lives,” Dr. Lin said.

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  • Poor Sleep In 40s May Add Years To Your Brain Age: Study Finds

    Poor Sleep In 40s May Add Years To Your Brain Age: Study Finds

    Missing out on sleep not only makes you feel groggy the next day, but the effects can be long-lasting. Adding to the growing body of evidence, researchers have now found that poor sleep in the middle ages is linked to accelerated brain aging in the next ten years.

    The latest study that evaluated participants’ brain health using brain scans revealed that having poor sleep quality in the 40s might add more years to the brain age.

    “Sleep problems have been linked in previous research to poor thinking and memory skills later in life, putting people at higher risk for dementia. Our study which used brain scans to determine participants’ brain age, suggests that poor sleep is linked to nearly three years of additional brain aging as early as middle age,” said study author, Clémence Cavaillès from the University of California San Francisco in a news release.

    The researchers evaluated the sleep patterns of 589 participants with an average age of 40 using questionnaires at the start of the study and five years later. After 15 years, the researchers evaluated the brain shrinkage of the participants using brain scans.

    The questionnaires evaluated participants based on six sleep issues: difficulty falling asleep, waking up in between sleep, waking up too early, short sleep duration, bad sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness.

    Based on the results, participants were divided into three groups according to their sleep quality. Those in the low group had just one poor sleep characteristic and 70% belonged to this group. However, the middle group, comprising 22% of participants, had two to three poor sleep features, while the high group, with more than three poor sleep characteristics, made up 8% of the population.

    After analyzing brain scans alongside sleep patterns, researchers found that participants in the middle group had an average brain age of 1.6 years older than those in the low group. Meanwhile, those in the high group showed an average brain age of 2.6 years older than the low group.

    Out of the six poor sleep characteristics studied, bad sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep and early morning awakening were linked to greater brain age. This was particularly strong when the participants consistently had it for over five years.

    “Our findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep problems earlier in life to preserve brain health, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, exercising, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before going to bed and using relaxation techniques,” said author Dr. Kristine Yaffe, from the University of California San Francisco.

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  • Struggling With Hunger During Weight Loss? High-Intensity Workouts Could Be The Key

    Struggling With Hunger During Weight Loss? High-Intensity Workouts Could Be The Key

    Managing hunger pangs can sometimes be difficult for those struggling to lose weight while on exercise and weight loss programs. Researchers now suggest engaging in high-intensity workouts may help curb hunger more than moderate exercise, particularly in women.

    In the study published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society, researchers investigated the effects of exercise intensity on ghrelin, a hormone that regulates satiety and feelings of hunger.

    “We found that high-intensity exercise suppressed ghrelin levels more than moderate intensity exercise. In addition, we found that individuals felt ‘less hungry’ after high intensity exercise compared to moderate intensity exercise,” said Kara Anderson, study author in a news release.

    Higher levels of ghrelin are associated with increased appetite. Ghrelin works in two molecular forms to regulate appetite: acylated (AG) and deacylated (DAG). Earlier studies have investigated the impact of exercise on these two forms of ghrelin, but most of them were limited to men.

    In the latest study, the researchers used eight male and six female participants to investigate how the impact affects men and women differently.

    Participants fasted overnight and then completed exercises at varying intensity levels. Blood lactate measurements and appetite levels, as reported by the participants, were taken.

    The results suggest that, although total ghrelin levels were initially higher in females than in males, there was a significant reduction in AG levels following intense exercise only among women.

    However, the researchers note that, because the study was based on a small sample size of female participants, the ability to assess the differences in impact between sexes may be limited.

    “Collectively, the results of the present study strengthen data on the role of high-intensity exercise in the reduction ghrelin and hunger. All isoforms of ghrelin may be associated with perception of hunger; however, more work is needed to determine if the relationship differs by sex,” the researchers wrote.

    “Exercise should be thought of as a ‘drug,’ where the ‘dose’ should be customized based on an individual’s personal goals. Our research suggests that high-intensity exercise may be important for appetite suppression, which can be particularly useful as part of a weight loss program,” Anderson said.

    Apart from appetite regulation, ghrelin is also crucial for other functions including energy balance, appetite, glucose homeostasis, immune function, sleep, and memory.

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  • Curious About Your Aging? Here’s A Simple Test To Find Out

    Curious About Your Aging? Here’s A Simple Test To Find Out

    The speed at which a person walks and their muscle strength may indicate how well they are aging. However, researchers now say there’s an even simpler and more effective test for assessing aging: standing on one leg.

    According to the latest study published in the journal PLOS ONE, balance is a better measure of biological aging than muscle strength or gait.

    In the study, researchers tested 40 healthy individuals aged over 50 to assess various aspects of aging. The participants were divided into two equal groups: those under 65 and those 65 and older.

    Participants took walking, balance, grip strength, and knee strength tests. For the balance assessments, they stood on force plates under different conditions: with both feet on the ground and their eyes open or closed, and on one leg (dominant and non-dominant) with their eyes open. During each balance test that lasted 30 seconds, the participants were allowed to position the lifted leg as they wished.

    The researchers noted that out of all the tests, the balance test, especially tested with the nondominant leg showed the highest rate of decline with age.

    There were no age-related declines in strength tests that were specific to sex, indicating that participants’ grip and knee strength declined at a similar rate regardless of gender. Also, the gait and balance test showed no significant difference in the sexes.

    “Balance is an important measure because, in addition to muscle strength, it requires input from vision, the vestibular system and the somatosensory systems. Changes in balance are noteworthy. If you have poor balance, you’re at risk of falling, whether or not you’re moving. Falls are a severe health risk with serious consequences,” explained Kenton Kaufman, senior author of the study in a news release.

    The good news is that even for the elderly, balance is something that can be improved with constant practice. “If you can stand on one leg for 30 seconds, you are doing well. If you don’t use it, you lose it. If you use it, you maintain it. It’s easy to do. It doesn’t require special equipment, and you can do it every day,” Kaufman said.

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  • History Of Eating Disorders, Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Raises Offspring’s Risk Of Mental Health Diagnosis

    History Of Eating Disorders, Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Raises Offspring’s Risk Of Mental Health Diagnosis

    Children whose mothers have a history of eating disorders and obesity before pregnancy are at a greater risk of mental health diagnosis, a recent study revealed.

    The results of the latest study involving a Finnish population of nearly 400,000 mothers and around 650,000 offspring revealed significant links between maternal health and the mental well-being of their children.

    The research suggests associations between a mother’s history of eating disorders and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) higher than the normal weight range to most of the nine psychiatric diagnoses examined in the offspring.

    The psychiatric diagnoses involved in the study include mood and anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, intellectual disabilities, specific developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, conduct disorders, social functioning and tic disorders (like selective mutism and Tourette syndrome), as well as feeding disorders in infancy and childhood.

    The results showed that around 53% had pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, nearly 6% had underweight, and 1.6% had a history of an eating disorder.

    When comparing differences in the impact of maternal eating disorders and higher BMI on children’s mental health diagnoses, the study found generally stronger associations with maternal eating disorders than those linked to maternal BMI.

    “The largest effect sizes were observed for maternal eating disorders not otherwise specified in association with offspring sleep disorders and social functioning and tic disorders, while for maternal severe pre-pregnancy obesity, offspring intellectual disabilities had the largest effect size,” the researchers wrote in the study published in Jama Network.

    Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) refer to a category of eating disorders that do not fit the specific criteria for more commonly recognized disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Some examples of EDNOS include behaviors such as pica, which involves cravings for and consumption of non-food items, or night eating syndrome, characterized by binge eating during the evening hours.

    “The study confirms previously published associations between maternal eating disorders and BMI and offspring psychiatric disorder, but also reports new associations,” Ida Nilsson, a study author told MedPage Today.

    “The findings underline the importance of considering maternal eating disorders and BMI in maternity care, aiming to reduce the number of offspring with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. The findings also strengthen the importance of the nutrition of pregnant women,” Nilsson said.

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  • Vitamin D Deficiency In Kids Raises Risk Of Auto-Immune Disorders: Study Explains How

    Vitamin D Deficiency In Kids Raises Risk Of Auto-Immune Disorders: Study Explains How

    Ensure your child is getting adequate sunshine vitamins. Beyond the role of calcium absorption and bone strengthening, researchers have discovered more about its connection to the immune system. A recent study revealed how a deficiency of vitamin D in young children can raise the risk of developing autoimmune disorders.

    According to the latest study published in the journal Science Advances, the deficiency of vitamin D in kids is linked to premature aging of the thymus gland. The thymus is a small lymph gland that makes and trains T-cells that are crucial for the immune system, defending the body against infections and diseases. While most of these vital cells are produced before birth, the remainder are generated during childhood, and by puberty, individuals would have developed the complete T cells for their lifetime.

    “An aging thymus leads to a ‘leaky’ immune system. This means the thymus becomes less effective at filtering out immune cells that could mistakenly attack healthy tissues, increasing the risk of autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes,” said the lead author of the study John White in a news release.

    Studies have shown that vitamin D is essential for immunity but according to White, the recent study findings “bring new clarity to this connection and could lead to new strategies for preventing autoimmune diseases.”

    During the trial, researchers examined mice that could not produce vitamin D to assess how this deficiency affected their thymus glands. They then conducted cell analyses and gene sequencing to understand the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the immune system. The researchers expect similar findings in humans as the thymus functions similarly in both species.

    Based on the study findings, researchers suggest that young children should get adequate vitamin D, either through natural sources such as fortified food and sunlight or through supplementation.

    “If you have a young child, it’s important to consult with your healthcare provider to ensure they’re getting enough,” said White.

    Earlier research conducted by the same team in 2021, which followed up more than 10,000 children showed that early vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk of developing type 1 diabetes by up to five-fold.

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  • RSV Vaccine Effective In Cutting Hospitalization In Older Adults, Immunocompromised Individuals: Study

    RSV Vaccine Effective In Cutting Hospitalization In Older Adults, Immunocompromised Individuals: Study

    Researchers have now found that the vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) can prevent hospitalization in a significant majority of older adults and immunocompromised individuals.

    The latest study published in the Lancet journal analyzed the effectiveness of the RSV vaccine in U.S. adults aged 60 and older using large-scale data from 36,706 patients. The researchers looked at hospital and emergency room visits for RSV-like illnesses between October 2023 and March 2024 across eight U.S. states. They then compared vaccination rates between patients who tested positive for RSV and those who tested negative while adjusting for factors like age, sex, race, underlying health conditions, and location. There were 3,275 vaccinated patients in the study.

    The analysis showed that the RSV vaccine is highly effective, reducing the risk of hospitalization due to infection complications by 80%. Even among typically more vulnerable immunocompromised individuals, the vaccine was 73% effective at preventing hospitalization.

    “No vaccine is 100 percent effective. An 80 percent vaccine effectiveness rate is quite impressive and higher than we see, for example, with the influenza vaccine,” study co-author, Brian Dixon said in a statement.

    “The bottom line is that using real-world data from electronic medical records routinely captured in care for people from diverse walks of life we found that having the vaccine was highly protective against hospitalization, severe illness and death,” Dixon said.

    As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, everyone aged 75 and older is recommended to take at least one dose of the RSV vaccine, while adults aged 60 to 74 should consider it if they are at higher risk of severe RSV. This includes individuals with chronic heart or lung diseases, severe obesity, weakened immune systems, certain diabetes conditions, or those living in nursing homes.

    To protect infants from severe RSV, two options are available: Pfizer’s Abrysvo vaccine given to pregnant women or an RSV antibody treatment given to infants after birth.

    As of October 5, 2024, the CDC estimates that 36.9% of adults aged 75 and older have received an RSV vaccine. Among adults aged 60 to 74 with high-risk conditions for RSV, about 29% have been vaccinated.

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