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  • Inside Vinmec’s Approach to Developing Vietnam’s Next Generation of Doctors

    Inside Vinmec’s Approach to Developing Vietnam’s Next Generation of Doctors

    On his first day assisting in a complex orthopedic surgery, Nguyen The Duy, a young Vinmec resident, paused outside the operating room, the fluorescent lights hummed softly overhead as he steadied his breath. The weight of what awaited him on the other side of the doors felt almost physical.

    “I remember my hands were shaking a little,” he recalled. “I kept thinking, What if I make a mistake? What if I can’t keep up?”

    That anxious moment marked the beginning of his transformation – from a trainee unsure of his place to the kind of physician Vinmec strives to cultivate: technically skilled, composed under pressure, and guided by a deep sense of humanity.

    This philosophy begins at the top. Prof. Dr. Tran Trung Dung, who has spent more than 25 years in orthopedics – from complex bone tumor surgery to sports medicine – now leads Vinmec’s national healthcare system. What drives him today isn’t just restoring motion, but mentoring the next generation.

    “Watching my students grow – not only in skill but in compassion – reminds me that I am part of something greater than a profession: a journey of nurturing those who will one day heal others” shared Prof. Dr. Tran Trung Dung, CEO of Vinmec Healthcare System.

    That belief has become the DNA of Vinmec, where every hospital serves as a living classroom, and every patient case becomes a legacy passed down through generations of healthcare professionals.

    Building the Nation’s Healthcare Future

    Amid mounting regional pressure to strengthen healthcare capacity, new models for healthcare workforce development are emerging across Asia. In Vietnam, Vinmec stands out as a pioneer at both national and regional levels. Founded in 2012, it has since evolved into the country’s first private academic healthcare system.

    Operating 9 hospitals and 7 clinics nationwide, Vinmec is the first private healthcare network in Vietnam to fully integrate clinical care, advanced research, and medical education. It is also the only healthcare system in Vietnam with two JCI-accredited hospitals and the home of Asia’s first Cardiology Center of Excellence.

    Vinmec is the only healthcare system in Vietnam with two JCI-accredited hospital.
    Vinmec

    Prof. Dung explained that Vinmec’s talent strategy is built on three pillars: academia, succession, and integration. The goal is to create an ecosystem where doctors not only treat patients, but also teach and conduct research – guided by Vietnam’s “golden generation” of medical experts.

    “We connect globally to create an international academic environment for continuous learning,” he added.

    With a vision to make high-quality care accessible to more people, Vinmec also benefits from its landmark partnership with Cleveland Clinic Connected, becoming the first and only healthcare system in Southeast Asia accepted into the US-based global network..

    Asia’s Doctor and Nurse Shortage: What Can We Do?

    This people-first approach comes at a pivotal time. Asia’s healthcare systems are facing a critical inflection point. By 2030, the World Health Organization warns of a global shortage of 10–11 million health workers, with Southeast Asia alone projected to lack 4.7 million. The gap is not only in numbers, but in workforce readiness.

    As healthcare rapidly evolves with technologies like telemedicine and AI-powered diagnostics, future health professionals must master new skill sets. Yet today, not every clinician is digitally savvy, and experts caution that Asia’s healthcare workforce must urgently strengthen its digital competencies.

    Where Tomorrow’s Vietnamese Healthcare Talent Begins

    “At Vinmec, people are not only the engine of the system – they are its purpose,” Prof. Dung emphasized. The organization embraces a “patient-first, people-centered” leadership philosophy rooted in three core values: talent, ethics, and empathy. Medical leaders are expected not only to guide clinical excellence but to serve as mentors shaping the next generation.

    “When caregivers feel empowered and supported, they naturally deliver better care,” he said. Rather than simply recruiting top talent, Vinmec is committed to building a sustainable internal workforce for the long term.

    That vision is translated into concrete action. In 2024 alone, Vinmec organized 81 national clinical conferences and delivered 9,341 internal training courses to more than 129,000 healthcare professionals. Programs such as the Graduate Nurse Internship and the Management Trainee Program accelerate the development of young professionals and nurture future healthcare leaders.

    What sets Vinmec apart is its seamless integration of clinical research into everyday care.
    Vinmec

    What sets Vinmec apart is the seamless integration of clinical research into daily medical practice. Young physicians actively engage in real-world translational projects – from Vietnam’s first successful CAR-T cell therapy in cancer treatment to the pioneering application of 3D printing technology in complex surgical procedures across Southeast Asia.

    As digital medicine reshapes the future of care, Vinmec is preparing its workforce for what lies ahead. The Vinmec Data Platform provides access to real-world clinical data; AI-powered diagnostic tools enable more precise clinical decision-making; and internal systems such as e-learning platforms, simulation labs, and advanced imaging centers ensure continuous, technology-driven upskilling.

    In every young doctor stepping into the operating room, in every nurse supporting patients through recovery, and in every patient who walks again, Vinmec’s legacy quietly lives on – through the healing hands it continues to nurture.

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  • CJD Diagnostic Criteria | Classic CJD

    CJD Diagnostic Criteria | Classic CJD

    Sporadic CJD

    Definite

    Diagnosed by standard neuropathological techniques

    • And/Or immunocytochemically
    • And/Or Western blot confirmed protease-resistant PrP
    • And/Or presence of scrapie-associated fibrils.

    Probable

    Neuropsychiatric disorder plus positive RT-QuIC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or other tissues.

    OR

    Rapidy progressive dementia and at least two out of these four clinical features:

    • Myoclonus
    • Visual or cerebellar signs
    • Pyramidal/extrapyramidal signs
    • Akinteic mutism

    AND

    A positive result on at least one of the following laboratory tests:

    • a typical EEG (periodic sharp wave complexes) during an illness of any duration
    • a positive 14-3-3 CSF assay in patients with a disease duration of less than 2 years
    • High signal in caudate/putamen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan or at least two cortical regions (temporal, parietal, occipital) either on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) or fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)

    AND

    Without routine investigations indicating an alternative diagnosis.

    Possible

    Progressive dementia; and at least two out of these four clinical features:

    • Myoclonus
    • Visual or cerebellar signs
    • Pyramidal/extrapyramidal signs
    • Akinteic mutism

    AND

    The absence of a positive result for any of the four tests above that would classify a case as “probable”

    AND

    Duration of illness less than two years

    AND

    Without routine investigations indicating an alternative diagnosis.

    Iatrogenic CJD

    About 1 percent of Classic CJD cases are iatrogenic, meaning spread through healthcare products or in a healthcare setting.

    To meet the definition for an iatrogenic case, the case must meet the following criteria:

    Progressive cerebellar syndrome in a recipient of human cadaveric-derived pituitary hormone

    OR

    Sporadic CJD with a recognized exposure risk, such as neurosurgery with dura mater implantation.

    Familial CJD

    An estimated 5-15 percent of classic CJD cases are familial, due to an inherited gene mutation. To meet the case definition for familial CJD, a case must:

    Have definite or probable CJD and definite or probable CJD in a first-degree relative

    AND/OR

    Neuropsychiatric disorder and disease-specific PrP gene mutation.

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  • Early Diabetes Symptoms Years Before Diagnosis

    Early Diabetes Symptoms Years Before Diagnosis

    Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are elevated, but not yet high enough to qualify as diabetes. Many people remain unaware they have prediabetes because early warning signs are often subtle or easily dismissed. Recognizing prediabetes signs early—when the body first begins to struggle with glucose regulation—can give individuals a chance to reverse the trend before full-blown diabetes develops.

    Spotting early diabetes symptoms and blood sugar warning signs can lead to timely lifestyle changes, better monitoring, and professional intervention. This awareness becomes especially important as uncontrolled blood sugar levels, even in prediabetes, can quietly damage the body over time.

    Common Early Diabetes Symptoms to Watch For

    Some of the more noticeable early symptoms of elevated blood sugar mirror those of diabetes itself. These include:

    • Increased thirst and frequent urination — When blood glucose rises, the kidneys work harder to filter out excess sugar, causing the body to excrete more water. This imbalance leads to dehydration, prompting frequent urges to drink and urinate. According to the Mayo Clinic, people with prediabetes may notice persistent thirst and frequent urination even before a diabetes diagnosis.
    • Fatigue and blurred vision — Because cells become less responsive to insulin, glucose can’t enter cells efficiently for energy. The resulting energy shortage triggers fatigue, even after normal rest. Blurred vision can occur as elevated glucose affects fluid levels in the lens of the eye.
    • Unexplained hunger and weight changes — Insulin resistance can impair the body’s ability to use glucose properly, leading to persistent hunger despite adequate food intake. Some people may gain weight, while others might experience unintended weight changes.

    Recognizing these as early diabetes symptoms is important—especially if they occur together or persist.

    Blood Sugar Warning Signs That Indicate Prediabetes

    Beyond the more obvious symptoms, prediabetes can also manifest through less obvious—but still significant—physical changes. Watch for the following blood sugar warning signs:

    • Darkened skin patches (Acanthosis Nigricans) — This condition causes velvety, darkened skin on the neck, armpits, groin, or other folds. Because it signals insulin resistance, it’s one of the more visible prediabetes signs.
    • Tingling or numbness in hands or feet — Early nerve irritation or damage may occur due to chronically elevated blood sugar levels, even before full diabetes develops. This can feel like tingling, “pins and needles,” or numbness.
    • Slow-healing wounds and increased infections — High blood sugar can impair immune function and circulation, slowing down wound healing and increasing susceptibility to infections or skin problems.

    Based on information from the Cleveland Clinic, several physical changes can reveal that blood sugar has been elevated for months—or even years. Because these symptoms may appear years before any formal diagnosis, they offer an early window for intervention.

    Prevention, Early Detection, and When to Seek Medical Help

    Because prediabetes often has no obvious symptoms, regular screening is important if risk factors are present — such as overweight/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , early detection and preventive strategies significantly reduce the risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes.

    Preventive measures start with lifestyle changes. A balanced diet rich in vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and low-sugar foods helps stabilize blood sugar. Exercise—particularly walking, strength training, or cycling—improves insulin sensitivity and helps the body use glucose more efficiently. Maintaining a healthy weight also plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels.

    Monitoring symptoms is essential. If individuals notice signs such as fatigue, increased thirst, dark skin patches, or slow-healing wounds, they should request a blood test. The most common tests include the A1C test, fasting glucose test, and oral glucose tolerance test. These tests help confirm whether someone is experiencing prediabetes. Knowing when to seek medical help can prevent serious complications. If symptoms worsen or persist, or if an individual has risk factors such as obesity, family history, or gestational diabetes, early evaluation is recommended. Health professionals can also guide patients through lifestyle changes and, in some cases, prescribe medications to help control blood sugar.

    Conclusion

    Prediabetes often develops quietly, with prediabetes signs and blood sugar warning signs appearing years before diagnosis. By paying attention to early symptoms — increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, skin changes, slow healing, or tingling — individuals can catch metabolic changes early. Regular screening and timely early diabetes symptoms detection give a critical window for lifestyle intervention. Adopting healthier habits — a balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining weight, managing stress — can often reverse prediabetes and prevent the onset of full-blown type 2 diabetes. The sooner you act, the better your chances of staying healthy, avoiding complications, and protecting your long-term well-being.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    1. Can prediabetes be reversed with lifestyle changes?

    Yes — many people with prediabetes can reverse glucose abnormalities through healthy eating, regular exercise, and weight loss, preventing progression to type 2 diabetes.

    2. How often should blood sugar be tested if prediabetes is suspected?

    If you have risk factors or experience warning signs, it’s wise to get tested annually or more frequently, as advised by your healthcare provider.

    3. What diet and exercise routines help prevent progression to diabetes?

    A diet high in vegetables, fiber, whole grains, lean protein, and low in processed foods and sugar helps stabilize blood sugar. Pairing that with regular moderate-intensity exercise (e.g., brisk walking, cycling, swimming) for at least 150 minutes per week is highly effective.

    4. Are there medications recommended for prediabetes management?

    Lifestyle interventions remain the first-line approach, but some doctors may prescribe medications to help control blood sugar if lifestyle changes alone are insufficient — especially for individuals at high risk or with additional health conditions.



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  • PureFastly

    PureFastly

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  • The Simple Joy of Writing by Hand

    The Simple Joy of Writing by Hand

    Have you noticed that we are writing by hand less and less these days? Sometimes it’s just a signature with a blunt stylus at the grocery store, or your finger signing crudely on a credit card pay screen. Handwriting certainly looks like a dying form, as we type away merrily on our keyboards, responding to emails that fly off in all directions.

    Is this withering away of handwriting a problem? Or is it the inevitable unfolding of language forms evolving over the centuries, from oral to written to printed, and now electronic? Before we dash headlong forward, let’s slow down for a moment and consider the role that writing by hand plays.

    An Art Form Worth Reviving

    I believe that handwriting still serves a deep purpose in our lives and that letting it fade away will be a loss to our spirit. Precisely because it is no longer essential for communication, handwriting can now be free to express its true nature as an embodied practice of creative expression, a synchronization of mind and body. Handwriting need not fold up and die. It can rise again as the original artistic act, unique to each of us, available to all, and really close at hand.

    Before writing, humans made marks. They were drawn in the sand, painted on cave walls, carved on rocks. The making of these marks grew out of a deep desire to connect with the power of the world. By drawing the tree, the bison, the moon, an understanding occurred, an energy touched. (Anyone who draws is familiar with this.)

    Our alphabet evolved out of these drawings—of an ox, a fish, a hand, a hook, a house, a cave. These forms were passed along, the original images becoming simplified in the handling. By 1200 BCE, an alphabet of 22 letters emerged with the Phoenician traders and evolved over time into the Roman letters. This syllabic system was efficient for commerce. It also remained a magical portal linking the inner voice with the outer world, bringing thoughts into form through the movement of the hand and stylus on the page.

    Our Brains Like It When We Write By Hand

    A recent article in the New York Times (“What’s Lost as Handwriting Fades”) described a study at Indiana University where children who had not yet learned to read or write were asked to draw a letter freehand, then trace it from a dotted outline, and then press the correct key on the computer. The researchers were amazed to see that the brain activity from the freehand drawing action was stronger, firing off in three different areas, while the tracing and typing motions barely stimulated the brain at all.

    The article went on say that apparently children who handwrite are able to generate ideas more easily, and that older students seem to retain information better when they take lecture notes by hand. There is something about the messiness of writing, its variable nature, that wakes us up, fires the synapses, brings us to the task at hand. That ancient way of understanding the world through drawing is still at work in the process of writing by hand. It turns out it’s the imperfection and changeableness of how we write that sparks our creative flow.

    Writing By Hand as a Mindfulness Practice

    Whether you enjoy your handwriting, or are embarrassed and uncomfortable with it, getting on the page each day with some “slow writing” can open your channels of creativity and keep them humming.

    This is a practice of seeing ourselves through how we write, allowing our handwriting, and ourselves, to be unique, quirky, imperfect—and appreciated.

    This is not about improving your handwriting, anymore than meditation is about improving your character (though both may happen as a side benefit!). It’s a practice of seeing ourselves through how we write, allowing our handwriting, and ourselves, to be unique, quirky, imperfect—and appreciated.

    When I write by hand, I come under the spell of the forms and the magic and mystery of who I am and how I show up in this world—the confused, shaky self, the graceful easy moments, or the part that doesn’t know what to say next. The letters are the marks left behind, the tracks of my inner journey through this life.

    When I write by hand, the familiar shapes tumble out and make new combinations. But it is something about the physical act—the holding of the hand and pen—that is meditative, bringing me into the present. The body sensations are the foundation—the ache, the touch, the softness of the paper. The moving line is the breath that keeps flowing along. And the words that show up on the page are the thoughts taking shape, the weather appearing on the horizon.

    It is this physical aspect of writing—the sitting down and listening through the body, the hand, the pen—that can bring forth something substantial and true. Each shape, each word, is an expression of how the world is living in me. When I write by hand, I keep going all the way to the end of the page, enjoying the sensual touch of it all, the way the letters link and dance and skip along, my fingers waiting expectantly for the next pulse, the next wave, the next thought showing up, ready to be described. Handwriting is the reporter, giving form to it all, grounded in the past, amazed and present to this moment.

    Embracing Both Old and New

    I’m not suggesting we abandon our computers and return to pen and paper. (Though taking the time to write a thoughtful handwritten letter can be a really nourishing activity.) I’m as involved as anyone with the ever-expanding world of online information.

    What I am proposing is that handwriting can become a contemplative practice, a generator of insight, a deepening down activity that counterbalances the vast, rapidly moving electronic world we’re bathed in. Handwriting is a powerfully simple way to bring natural creativity and connection back into our lives. It is an act of wholeness.

    Practice: Put Pen to Paper

    Sit down with a couple sheets of paper in front of you and a pen that you like to write with. Feel your body, your fingers holding the pen, your hand resting on the paper, your arm ready to guide, your feet on the floor or your back resting on the seat.

    At the top of the page write the words, “When I write by hand,” and then notice what shows up in your mind next. It could be a memory from childhood of learning to write—or an aching in your fingers in this moment—or something about the sound of the pen touching, pausing, moving along on the page. Describe whatever it is, following the associations until you come to a pause in your thoughts.

    Write the prompt again, “When I write by hand . . . ” and head off, letting the words tumble out, not concerned with making full sentences or perfect punctuation or spelling. Sit stable. Let your writing slow down. See how the forms change with this shift of speed. Notice how you’re feeling.

    Fill up two sheets of paper, or write for 10 minutes, then read what has come through. Where did you start? Where did you end up? You’re involved in an age-old act of bringing the loftiness of thought—what the ancient Chinese called “heaven”—down to the practicality of “earth.” Joining “heaven and earth” through human expression is the essence of art.

    This featured practice appeared in the June 2016 issue of Mindful magazine



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  • Get Fit in No Time: A Beginner’s Guide to Creating a Killer Workout Plan (Target keywords: workout plan for beginners, get fit)

    Get Fit in No Time: A Beginner’s Guide to Creating a Killer Workout Plan (Target keywords: workout plan for beginners, get fit)

    She’s always been fascinated by the idea of getting fit, but never knew where to start. With so many different workout plans and routines out there, it can be overwhelming for a beginner to create a killer workout plan that actually works. But, with a little guidance, anyone can get fit in no time. In this article, we’ll explore the basics of creating a workout plan for beginners, and provide tips and tricks to help you achieve your fitness goals.

    Getting Started: Setting Your Fitness Goals
    Before creating a workout plan, it’s essential to set your fitness goals. What do you want to achieve? Do you want to lose weight, build muscle, or increase your endurance? Having a clear idea of what you want to achieve will help you create a workout plan that’s tailored to your needs. For example, if you want to lose weight, you’ll want to focus on a combination of cardio and strength training exercises. On the other hand, if you want to build muscle, you’ll want to focus on weightlifting and resistance training. A well-structured workout plan for beginners should include a mix of exercises that cater to your specific goals.

    When setting your fitness goals, it’s also important to make sure they’re realistic and achievable. Don’t set yourself up for failure by trying to do too much too soon. Start with small, manageable goals, and gradually increase the intensity and difficulty as you get more comfortable with your workout routine. A good workout plan for beginners should be challenging, yet achievable, and should include a mix of exercises that cater to your specific goals. By doing so, you’ll be able to get fit in no time and achieve the body you’ve always wanted.

    Understanding Your Body Type
    Another crucial aspect of creating a workout plan is understanding your body type. Are you an ectomorph, mesomorph, or endomorph? Knowing your body type will help you determine the best exercises and routines for your body. For example, if you’re an ectomorph, you’ll want to focus on building muscle mass, while if you’re an endomorph, you’ll want to focus on burning fat. A workout plan for beginners should take into account your body type and include exercises that cater to your specific needs.

    Ectomorphs, for instance, tend to have a fast metabolism and struggle to gain weight. They should focus on strength training exercises that help build muscle mass, such as weightlifting and resistance training. Mesomorphs, on the other hand, have a balanced body type and can do well with a combination of cardio and strength training exercises. Endomorphs, who tend to have a slower metabolism, should focus on cardio exercises that help burn fat, such as running, cycling, or swimming. By understanding your body type and creating a workout plan that caters to your specific needs, you’ll be able to get fit in no time and achieve the body you’ve always wanted.

    Creating a Workout Plan
    Now that you’ve set your fitness goals and understand your body type, it’s time to create a workout plan. A good workout plan for beginners should include a mix of cardio, strength training, and flexibility exercises. Cardio exercises, such as running, cycling, or swimming, are great for burning fat and improving cardiovascular health. Strength training exercises, such as weightlifting or bodyweight exercises, are great for building muscle and increasing metabolism. Flexibility exercises, such as yoga or stretching, are great for improving flexibility and reducing injury.

    When creating a workout plan, it’s essential to start with exercises that you enjoy and that fit your lifestyle. If you hate running, don’t force yourself to do it. Instead, try swimming or cycling, which can be just as effective for burning calories. It’s also important to vary your workout routine to avoid plateaus and prevent overuse injuries. A good workout plan for beginners should include a mix of exercises that cater to your specific goals and should be challenging, yet achievable. By doing so, you’ll be able to get fit in no time and achieve the body you’ve always wanted.

    Sample Workout Plan
    Here’s a sample workout plan for beginners that you can follow:
    Monday (Chest and Triceps):

    • Warm-up: 5-10 minutes of cardio (jogging, jumping jacks, etc.)

    • Barbell bench press: 3 sets of 8-12 reps

    • Incline dumbbell press: 3 sets of 10-15 reps

    • Tricep pushdown: 3 sets of 12-15 reps

    • Tricep dips: 3 sets of 12-15 reps

    • Cool-down: 5-10 minutes of stretching

    Tuesday (Back and Biceps):

    • Warm-up: 5-10 minutes of cardio

    • Pull-ups: 3 sets of 8-12 reps

    • Barbell rows: 3 sets of 8-12 reps

    • Dumbbell bicep curls: 3 sets of 10-15 reps

    • Hammer curls: 3 sets of 10-15 reps

    • Cool-down: 5-10 minutes of stretching

    Wednesday (Rest day)
    Thursday (Legs):

    • Warm-up: 5-10 minutes of cardio

    • Squats: 3 sets of 8-12 reps

    • Leg press: 3 sets of 10-15 reps

    • Lunges: 3 sets of 10-15 reps

    • Leg extensions: 3 sets of 12-15 reps

    • Cool-down: 5-10 minutes of stretching

    Friday (Shoulders and Abs):

    • Warm-up: 5-10 minutes of cardio

    • Shoulder press: 3 sets of 8-12 reps

    • Lateral raises: 3 sets of 10-15 reps

    • Rear delt fly: 3 sets of 12-15 reps

    • Plank: 3 sets of 30-60 seconds

    • Cool-down: 5-10 minutes of stretching

    Saturday and Sunday (Rest days)

    Tips and Tricks
    Here are some tips and tricks to help you stick to your workout plan and get fit in no time:

    • Start small: Don’t try to do too much too soon. Start with short workouts and gradually increase the duration and intensity as you get more comfortable.

    • Find a workout buddy: Having someone to hold you accountable and motivate you can make a big difference in your fitness journey.

    • Track your progress: Keep a workout log or use a fitness app to track your progress. Seeing your progress can be a great motivator.

    • Mix it up: Vary your workout routine to avoid plateaus and prevent overuse injuries.

    • Listen to your body: Rest and recovery are just as important as exercise. If you’re feeling tired or sore, take a rest day or modify your workout routine.

    Common Mistakes to Avoid
    Here are some common mistakes to avoid when creating a workout plan:

    • Not warming up or cooling down: Warming up and cooling down are essential for preventing injuries and improving performance.

    • Not stretching: Stretching is essential for improving flexibility and reducing injury.

    • Not listening to your body: If you’re feeling tired or sore, take a rest day or modify your workout routine.

    • Not varying your workout routine: Varying your workout routine can help avoid plateaus and prevent overuse injuries.

    • Not tracking your progress: Tracking your progress can help you stay motivated and see the results of your hard work.

    Conclusion
    Creating a workout plan for beginners can seem overwhelming, but with a little guidance, anyone can get fit in no time. Remember to set your fitness goals, understand your body type, and create a workout plan that includes a mix of cardio, strength training, and flexibility exercises. Start small, find a workout buddy, track your progress, and mix it up to avoid plateaus and prevent overuse injuries. With consistency and patience, you can achieve your fitness goals and get the body you’ve always wanted. By following these tips and creating a well-structured workout plan, you’ll be able to get fit in no time and achieve the body you’ve always wanted.

    Frequently Asked Questions
    Q: How often should I work out?
    A: It’s recommended to work out at least 3-4 times per week, with at least one day of rest in between.
    Q: What’s the best time to work out?
    A: The best time to work out is when you feel most energized and motivated. Some people prefer to work out in the morning, while others prefer to work out in the evening.
    Q: How long should my workouts be?
    A: The length of your workouts will depend on your fitness goals and level of experience. Start with short workouts and gradually increase the duration as you get more comfortable.
    Q: What’s the best type of exercise for weight loss?
    A: The best type of exercise for weight loss is a combination of cardio and strength training exercises. Cardio exercises, such as running or cycling, are great for burning calories, while strength training exercises, such as weightlifting or bodyweight exercises, are great for building muscle and increasing metabolism.
    Q: How do I stay motivated?
    A: Staying motivated can be challenging, but there are several things you can do to stay on track. Find a workout buddy, track your progress, and reward yourself for reaching your fitness goals. By doing so, you’ll be able to stay motivated and get fit in no time.

    get-fit-in-no-time-a-beginners-guide-to-creating-a-killer-workout-plan-target-keywords-workout-plan-for-beginners-get-fit

  • Autoantibody Testing: MedlinePlus Medical Test

    Autoantibody Testing: MedlinePlus Medical Test

    What is autoantibody testing?

    Autoantibody testing checks a sample of your blood for autoantibodies, proteins made by the immune system.

    Normally, your immune system makes proteins called antibodies to attack germs that could make you sick. Autoantibodies, however, do not attack germs. They instead attack your own healthy tissue and organs, believing them to be foreign substances. This can lead to the development of an autoimmune disease. There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases, and they can affect almost any part of your body.

    Your immune system makes autoantibodies by mistake. Researchers aren’t entirely sure why, though your body is more likely to make them if you:

    • Have a family history of autoimmune diseases.
    • Have a viral or bacterial infection, especially if it’s chronic (long-term). This can cause your immune system to be overactive, which can lead to the production of autoantibodies.
    • Are exposed to certain environmental toxins.

    There are many different types of autoantibodies, and they can affect your body in different ways. Some affect only specific organs and/or parts of your body. These are called organ-specific antibodies. For example:

    • Thyroid antibodies, such as anti-TPO, only affect your thyroid.
    • Smooth muscle antibodies (SMAs) attack smooth muscle, usually in the liver.
    • Islet cell autoantibodies attack cells in your pancreas.

    Other antibodies, however, affect multiple organs and can cause a variety of symptoms. These are called systemic antibodies. This type can include:

    • Antinuclear Antibody (ANA).
    • Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA).
    • Anti-Double Stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA).
    • Antihistone Antibodies.
    • Rheumatoid Factor (RF).

    Other names: antibody serology test, antinuclear antibody (ANA) test, extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) test, anti-dsDNA test, rheumatoid factor (RF) test, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) test, smooth muscle antibody (SMA) test, thyroid antibody test

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  • The Effects of Fasting on Cancer

    The Effects of Fasting on Cancer

    Ever since the days of Hippocrates, 2,400 years ago, fasting has been offered as a treatment for acute and chronic diseases, based on the observation that when people get sick they frequently lose their appetite.

    Along with fever, decreased food consumption is one of the most common signs of infection. Often regarded as an undesirable manifestation of sickness, it’s actually an active, beneficial defense mechanism. As I discuss in my video Fasting for Cancer: What about Cachexia, chronic under-nutrition can impair our defenses, but data suggest that, in the short-term, immune function can be enhanced by lowering food intake.

    Researchers have shown that the blood from starved mice was nearly eight times better at killing off the invading bacteria in a petri dish, dramatically boosting the capacity of their white blood cells to kill off the pathogens. What about people? And what about cancer?

     

    Does Fasting Help Our Natural Killer Cells Fight Cancer Cells?

    When study participants fasted for two weeks on an 80-calorie-a-day diet, not only did their white blood cells show the same kind of boost in bacteria-killing ability and antibody production, but their natural killer cell activity increased by an average of 24%. This is especially interesting because our natural killer cells don’t just help clear infections, but they also kill cancer cells. In fact, that’s how the researchers measured natural killer cell activity; they pitted them against K562 cells, which are human leukemia cells.

    chart showing increase in antibody production and natural killer cell activity after fasting for 15 days

    Fasting is said to improve anticancer immunosurveillance, or, more poetically, by “stimulating the appetite of the immune system for cancer.” So, why isn’t fasting used more to treat cancer? Because so much about cancer care revolves around keeping people’s weight up to try to counteract the cancer-wasting syndrome.

     

    What Causes Cancer Cachexia?

    Until recently, fasting therapy was not considered to be a treatment option in cancer, related to the fact that a common therapeutic goal in palliative cancer treatment is to avoid weight loss and counteract the wasting syndrome known as cachexia, which is the ultimate cause of death in many cancer cases.

    Tumors are voracious, rapidly expanding and in need of a lot of energy and protein, so cancer metabolically reprograms the body to start breaking down to feed its tumors. It does this by triggering inflammation throughout the body. It’s not just that people lose their appetite. “The fundamental difference between the weight loss observed in CC [cancer cachexia] and that seen in simple starvation is the lack of reversibility with feeding alone.”

    Therapeutic nutritional interventions to correct or reverse cachexia frequently fail. The best treatment for cancer cachexia, therefore, is to treat the cause and cure the cancer. In fact, maybe forcing extra nutrition on cancer patients could be playing right into the tumor’s hands. Like in pregnancy when the fetus gets first dibs on nutrients even at the mother’s expense, the tumor may be first in the feeding line. Maybe our loss of appetite when we get cancer is even a protective response.

     

    Is Chemotherapy Enough?

    As I discuss in my video Fasting Before and After Chemotherapy and Radiation, for the past 50 years, chemotherapy has been a major medical treatment for a wide range of cancers. Its main strategy has been largely based on targeting cancer cells, by means of DNA damage caused in part by the production of free radicals. Although these drugs were first believed to be very selective for tumor cells, we eventually learned that normal cells also experience severe chemotherapy-dependent damage, which can lead to dose-limiting side effects, including bone marrow and immune system suppression, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, and in some cases, even death.

    If you do survive chemotherapy, the DNA damage to normal cells can even lead to new cancers down the road. There are cell-protecting drugs that have been tried to reduce the side effects so you can pump in higher chemo doses, but these drugs have not been shown to increase survival––in part because they may also be protecting the cancer cells. What about instead fasting for cellular protection during cancer treatment?

     

    Fasting and Chemotherapy

    Many may not recognize the role fasting can play in cancer prevention and treatment. Short-term fasting before and immediately after chemotherapy may minimize side effects, while, at the same time, it may actually make cancer cells more sensitive to treatment. That’s exciting! 

    During deprivation, healthy cells switch from growth to maintenance and repair, but tumor cells are unable to slow down their unbridled growth, due to growth-promoting mutations that led them to become cancer cells in the first place. This inability to adapt to starvation may represent an important Achilles’ heel for many types of cancer cells.

    As a consequence of these differential responses of healthy cells versus cancer cells to short-term fasting, chemotherapy causes more DNA damage and cell suicide in tumor cells, while potentially leaving healthy cells unharmed. Thus, short-term fasting may protect healthy cells against the toxic assault of chemotherapy and cause tumor cells to be more sensitive––or at least that’s the theory.

    Researchers found that, in rodents, fasting alone appears to work as well as chemotherapy. What’s more, unbridled tumor growth was also knocked down by radiation therapy—and even more so after the combination of radiation and alternate-day fasting. However, alternate-day fasting alone seemed to do as well as radiation. These data are exciting, but for mice with breast cancer. What about people?

     

    Fasting Put to the Test Against Cancers

    As I discuss in my video Fasting Before and After Chemotherapy Put to the Test, several patients diagnosed with a wide variety of cancers elected to undertake fasting prior to chemotherapy and share their experiences. They reported a reduction in fatigue, weakness, and gastrointestinal side effects while fasting and felt better across the board, with zero vomiting. The weight lost during the few days of fasting was quickly recovered by most of the patients and did not lead to any discernable harm. So, overall, fasting under care seems safe and potentially able to ameliorate side effects.

    chart showing reduced chemotherapy side effects with fasting

    In a randomized clinical study, breast and ovarian cancer patients fasted from 36 hours before chemotherapy until 24 hours after, and fasting did appear to improve quality of life and fatigue. However, another study found no such beneficial effects. There did appear to perhaps be less bone marrow toxicity, given the higher counts of red blood cells and platelet-making cells. But no benefit when it came to saving white blood cells—the immune system cells—so that was a disappointment. Perhaps they didn’t fast long enough?

    A systematic review of 22 studies found that, overall, fasting may not only reduce chemotherapy side effects (like organ damage, immune suppression, and chemotherapy-induced death), but it may also suppress tumor progression, including tumor growth and metastasis, resulting in improved survival. But, nearly all the studies were on mice and dogs. The studies on humans were limited to evaluating safety and side effects. The tumor-suppression effects of fasting––for example, its influence on tumor growth, metastasis and prognosis––sadly, were not evaluated.

     

    Does Fasting Make Chemo More Effective?

    As I discuss in my video Fasting-Mimicking Diet Before and After Chemotherapy, short-term food withdrawal during chemotherapy may begin to solve the long-standing problem with most cancer treatments: how to kill the tumor without killing the patient. Short-term fasting––for example, for 48 hours before chemo and 24 hours afterwards––may reduce side effects, so-called “chemotherapy-induced toxicity.” However, the potential tumor-suppressing effects of fasting have still not been thoroughly evaluated.

    Some argue that reducing chemo’s side effects alone could improve efficacy, since patients could withstand higher doses. For example, the heart and kidney damage associated with the widely prescribed anti-cancer drugs limit their full therapeutic potential. It’s not clear, though, that maximizing the tolerated chemo dose would achieve longer survival or better quality of life. For now, I think we should just be satisfied with the fewer side effects for fewer side effects’ sake.

     

    How Does Fasting Work?

    Fasting can reduce the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a cancer-promoting growth hormone. The reduced levels of IGF-1 mediate the differential protection of normal cells and cancer cells in response to fasting and improve chemo’s ability to kill cancer but spare normal cells.

    So, reducing IGF-1 signaling may provide dual benefits by protecting normal tissues while reducing tumor progression. It may even help prevent the cancer in the first place. But fasting isn’t the only way to drop IGF-1 levels: A few days of fasting can cut levels in half, but that’s largely because protein intake is being cut. Protein is a key determinant of circulating IGF-1 levels in humans––suggesting that “reduced protein intake may become an important component of anticancer and antiaging dietary interventions,” particularly a reduction in animal protein.

     

    Lowering Protein Intake to Lower IGF-1

    If you compare those who eat strictly plant-based diets and get about the recommended daily intake of protein (0.8 grams per kg of body weight) to individuals who are just as slender but consume the higher amount of protein more typical to Americans, going on a calorie-restricted diet may lower IGF-1 a little, but eating a plant-based diet can lower it even more than going low calorie. 

    Chart showing bigger restriction of IGF-1 concentration compared to a low calorie or western diet

    So, not only may a diet centered around whole plant foods down-regulate IGF-1 activity, potentially slowing the aging process, but it may be a way of turning anti-aging genes against cancer.



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  • Key Autoimmune Arthritis Warning Signals

    Key Autoimmune Arthritis Warning Signals

    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune arthritis that affects millions worldwide. Recognizing the early signs and symptoms is crucial for timely treatment and preventing joint damage.

    This article explores the early rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, typical RA signs, how the disease differs from other autoimmune arthritis conditions, and when to see a doctor for evaluation.

    What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune arthritis condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own joint tissues. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA causes inflammation inside the joint lining that leads to swelling, pain, stiffness, and eventual joint destruction. It most commonly affects small joints such as those in the hands, wrists, and feet, but it can progress to larger joints as well.

    RA is systemic, meaning it can also affect other organs in the body, including the heart, lungs, and eyes. While the exact cause remains unclear, genetic predisposition and environmental factors like smoking increase the risk of developing this autoimmune disorder.

    What Are the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms?

    Identifying early rheumatoid arthritis symptoms is vital as immediate medical attention can slow the disease’s progression. The primary early RA signs include:

    • Joint Pain and Stiffness: Inflammation causes the joints to ache, especially after periods of inactivity. This pain is often symmetrical, affecting joints on both sides of the body.
    • Prolonged Morning Stiffness: One of the classic autoimmune arthritis symptoms is stiffness that lasts for more than an hour in the morning or after resting. This is different from other arthritis types where morning stiffness is typically brief.
    • Joint Swelling and Redness: Inflamed joints often appear swollen, warm, and sometimes red. These signs indicate active inflammation.
    • Fatigue and Malaise: General feelings of tiredness and low energy often accompany the joint symptoms. This systemic symptom is common in RA due to widespread inflammation.
    • Low-grade Fever: Some individuals may experience a mild fever, signaling the autoimmune activity in the body.

    These early symptoms may be subtle, making it important to monitor changes carefully.

    How to Recognize RA Signs in Daily Life

    Early RA signs can interfere with daily activities. People may find it difficult to perform routine tasks such as buttoning shirts, opening jars, or walking comfortably because of joint stiffness, according to the World Health Organization. Noticing symmetrical joint discomfort, for example, pain in both hands or both wrists, can be a key indicator of RA rather than mechanical injury or osteoarthritis.

    The combination of joint symptoms with systemic complaints like fatigue or unexplained low-grade fever should raise suspicion for autoimmune arthritis and prompt medical evaluation.

    Which Joints Are Affected First in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    RA typically targets the small joints first, particularly those in the hands, wrists, and feet. The joints around the knuckles (metacarpophalangeal joints) and the base of the fingers are commonly involved early. Unlike osteoarthritis, which often affects the thumbs and large weight-bearing joints, RA’s inflammation is characteristically symmetrical and persistent.

    This pattern helps distinguish RA from other arthritis types. Recognizing which joints are affected early on supports faster diagnosis and treatment initiation.

    How Is Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?

    Diagnosing RA in its early stages involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and imaging. A healthcare provider will assess for RA signs such as swollen, tender joints and review the duration and pattern of joint symptoms, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    Laboratory tests are essential to confirm the diagnosis:

    • Rheumatoid Factor (RF): An antibody present in many but not all RA patients.
    • Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (anti-CCP) Antibodies: Highly specific for RA and often present even before symptoms develop.
    • Inflammatory Markers: Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) indicate active inflammation.

    Imaging techniques such as X-rays can detect joint erosion, but changes may not appear early. Ultrasound and MRI are more sensitive and can identify inflammation and damage before it is visible on X-rays.

    Early diagnosis is critical because starting disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) early reduces joint damage and improves long-term outcomes.

    What Are the Differences Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Autoimmune Arthritis?

    While RA is a common form of autoimmune arthritis, it is distinct from other autoimmune diseases like lupus or psoriatic arthritis.

    • Lupus: Often affects skin, kidneys, and blood cells with joint symptoms but usually less severe joint erosion.
    • Psoriatic Arthritis: Associated with psoriasis skin lesions and affects joints asymmetrically.

    Some RA signsspecifically include symmetrical joint inflammation, presence of anti-CCP antibodies, and particular patterns of joint involvement.

    Understanding these differences aids in accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches.

    When Should You See a Doctor for Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms?

    Prompt medical consultation is recommended when experiencing persistent joint pain, swelling, and stiffness lasting more than six weeks, especially if these symptoms involve multiple joints on both sides of the body.

    Early signs such as prolonged morning stiffness and unexplained fatigue coupled with joint discomfort are also red flags. Since RA can cause irreversible joint damage, early intervention by a rheumatologist significantly improves prognosis.

    How Can Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Be Managed?

    Effective early management focuses on controlling inflammation to prevent joint damage and improve quality of life.

    Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): Medications like methotrexate reduce immune system activity and slow progression.

    • Biologic Therapies: Target specific immune system components to suppress inflammation.
    • Physical Therapy: Helps maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength.
    • Lifestyle Adjustments: Regular exercise, balanced diet, and quitting smoking support treatment effectiveness.

    Early, aggressive treatment strategies improve symptoms and reduce long-term disability associated with RA.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    1. Can rheumatoid arthritis affect people of all ages?

    While RA is more common in middle-aged adults, it can affect individuals of any age, including children (known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis) and the elderly. Age does not exclude anyone from developing this autoimmune arthritis.

    2. Are there specific lifestyle factors that can trigger rheumatoid arthritis flare-ups?

    Certain factors like stress, infections, smoking, and poor diet may exacerbate inflammation and trigger RA flare-ups. Managing these triggers alongside medical treatment can help reduce symptom severity.

    3. How do gender and genetics influence the risk of developing RA?

    Women are two to three times more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis than men, likely due to hormonal and genetic influences. A family history of autoimmune arthritis also increases individual risk.

    4. What role does diet play in managing autoimmune arthritis symptoms?

    While no specific diet cures RA, anti-inflammatory foods such as omega-3 rich fish, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may help reduce inflammation and support overall joint health when combined with medical treatment.



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  • Evyatar Nitzany on Balancing Professional Life with Physical Activity

    Evyatar Nitzany on Balancing Professional Life with Physical Activity

    Staying active throughout the workday isn’t just about fitness—it’s about maintaining energy, focus, and long-term well-being. In today’s work culture, where professionals are often glued to screens and tied to tight schedules, staying active can feel like a luxury rather than a necessity. As Evyatar Nitzany notes, even small efforts to incorporate more physical activity can lead to noticeable improvements in mood, productivity, and resilience.

    The key lies in finding what works for your lifestyle and making it a consistent, yet flexible, part of your day. By shifting the mindset around physical activity and embracing even the simplest changes, professionals can foster a healthier work-life rhythm that supports their physical and mental health.

    Why Staying Active Matters

    Regular movement during the day supports physical health and mental clarity. Professionals who stay active often report feeling more alert and better able to manage stress throughout the day. Even light activity can help reduce the fatigue that builds up from sitting for long periods.

    When physical activity is part of a daily routine, it can lead to better posture, improved focus, and greater job satisfaction. A simple walk during a lunch break or light stretching between meetings can make a noticeable difference in energy levels. Those who prioritize staying active tend to recover faster from mental fatigue and maintain a more balanced mood across high-pressure workdays.

    Barriers for Busy Professionals

    Busy schedules and demanding workloads often leave little room for physical activity. It’s not uncommon for professionals to feel drained after long hours in front of a screen or in back-to-back meetings. The mental load of work can make even a short walk seem like an extra task rather than a break.

    In many office settings, the atmosphere itself can discourage movement. Sitting for extended periods becomes the norm, especially when meetings are virtual or held back-to-back. Some workplaces also lack facilities or policies that encourage taking active breaks, leaving employees feeling stuck in sedentary routines.

    Balancing personal responsibilities outside of work adds another layer of difficulty. Between commuting, family duties, and errands, finding time to move can feel like a luxury. Over time, this lack of regular activity can lead to fatigue, diminished motivation, and even minor health issues that get brushed aside.

    Simple Ways to Add Physical Activity into the Workday

    Active habits don’t always require major changes—they often begin with small shifts in routine. Choosing to take the stairs instead of the elevator or walking during a phone call can break up long periods of sitting without disrupting workflow. These minor adjustments add up over the week. Even setting a timer to stand up every hour can make a difference in how the body feels.

    Some find that brief activities between tasks help them reset mentally. A short walk around the building or even a few minutes of stretching at the desk can improve circulation and refresh focus. These quick breaks can often lead to a clearer mind and a more creative approach to problem-solving.

    Incorporating activity into the workday can even make meetings more engaging. Standing discussions or walking meetings not only boost energy but also encourage more dynamic conversations. These alternatives help reduce the stiffness and sluggishness that often come with sitting all day.

    Choosing Activities That Fit Your Lifestyle

    The best kind of physical activity is the one that feels manageable and enjoyable within your daily routine. A person juggling early meetings might prefer a short yoga session at home, while someone with a free lunch hour could use that time for a brisk walk outdoors. The key is to align with your schedule, not work against it. Making the activity convenient increases the chances of sticking with it.

    When selecting an activity, it helps to consider your energy levels throughout the day. Some thrive on early morning workouts, while others find their rhythm in the evening after the workday winds down. What matters most is creating a rhythm that feels natural and doesn’t add stress to an already packed schedule.

    Building Habits That Stick

    Starting small often leads to lasting change. Aiming for consistency over perfection can be more effective in the long run. Setting a simple reminder on your phone or linking actions to an existing habit—like stretching after pouring your morning coffee—can make the new routine feel second nature.

    Progress doesn’t always come in leaps. Tracking through an app or journal can highlight patterns and boost motivation on days when energy feels low. When the routine is flexible and forgiving, it becomes easier to maintain through busy and unpredictable schedules.

    Support from those around you makes a difference. When coworkers encourage short breaks or join in a lunchtime walk, staying active feels less like a solo effort and more like a shared norm.

    Organizations that prioritize employee wellness are seeing the benefits of flexible schedules and active spaces. When leadership models healthy habits, others tend to follow.

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