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  • Virginia’s Measles Outbreak Has Expanded to a Second County as Cases Reach 129

    Virginia’s Measles Outbreak Has Expanded to a Second County as Cases Reach 129

    Virginia’s measles outbreak is no longer confined to one county.

    On June 25, 2026, the Virginia Department of Health announced that the Buckingham County measles outbreak had expanded geographically to include Cumberland County, a directly adjacent rural county in central Virginia’s Piedmont region. Health officials confirmed that new cases in Cumberland County reflect community transmission — meaning the virus is circulating locally, not merely being imported from Buckingham.

    As of the June 25 announcement, the Piedmont Health District, which includes both counties, reported 106 outbreak-associated measles cases. Virginia’s total statewide case count for 2026 stands at 129 — compared to just five confirmed cases in all of 2025.

    Why This Matters

    A measles outbreak that expands from one county to a second in the same Piedmont Health District signals that containment has not held. The expansion to Cumberland County means anyone who lives in, works in, or visits either county is at elevated risk of exposure if they are not fully vaccinated — and the virus can survive in the air for two hours after an infected person leaves a room.

    Piedmont Health District Director Maria Almond said: “As this outbreak expands to Cumberland County, I ask for the community’s help to stop measles from gaining further ground by ensuring you are vaccinated.”

    Measles is one of the most contagious infectious diseases known. One infected person can spread measles to nine out of ten unprotected people in the same room or space.

    What We Know So Far

    The Buckingham County outbreak was first confirmed by VDH on May 13, 2026. Since then, it has grown to become one of Virginia’s largest measles clusters in modern state history. The outbreak began among individuals in Buckingham County with below-threshold vaccination coverage and has since spread through close-contact networks.

    The VDH measles disease page shows that Virginia is now in the midst of one of the worst measles years in recent memory: 129 confirmed cases in less than six months, compared to five for all of 2025.

    The outbreak has generated exposure sites across the two-county area, including schools, medical facilities, and community gathering places. Every case confirmed in the outbreak involves a person who was either unvaccinated or could not confirm their vaccination status — consistent with the national pattern.

    Cumberland County borders Buckingham to the east and shares the same rural character: dispersed population, limited access to health services, and historically lower vaccination uptake in some communities.

    What VDH Recommends: Specific Vaccination Guidance for the Affected Area

    The Virginia Department of Health has issued outbreak-specific vaccination recommendations that go beyond standard routine guidance for people in or visiting Buckingham and Cumberland Counties:

    • Infants aged 6 to 11 months are advised to receive an early dose of MMR vaccine. This is an outbreak-specific recommendation — routine MMR vaccination does not begin until 12 months. Infants who receive this early dose should still receive two more doses at the recommended ages (12 months and 4–6 years) at least 28 days apart.
    • Children aged 12 months to 18 years who have not yet been vaccinated or have never had measles infection should receive their first MMR dose immediately, with a second dose at least 28 days after the first.
    • Adults who are not up to date on MMR vaccination should contact a health care provider or local health department for vaccination guidance.
    • Residents and visitors of both counties should avoid large gatherings if they are unvaccinated and should consult a health care provider immediately if they develop measles symptoms.

    Where the Risk Is Highest

    Buckingham and Cumberland Counties are in the heart of the Piedmont Health District in central Virginia, approximately 60 miles west of Richmond. Communities in both counties with documented below-threshold vaccination rates face the most immediate risk of continued spread.

    Travel through the area — particularly to or from the Charlottesville metro, Richmond metro, or the Appomattox and Farmville areas — should be considered by people assessing their vaccination status. The VDH maintains a list of specific exposure sites at vdh.virginia.gov/measles.

    Statewide, Virginia’s 129 total cases in 2026 make this the state’s largest measles year in decades. All confirmed cases have been in unvaccinated or unverified individuals.

    What Doctors and Experts Say

    Dr. Brannon Traxler, Virginia’s deputy state health director, described measles containment as a race between vaccination and transmission. The expansion to Cumberland County indicates that race is still ongoing.

    Pediatricians in the affected area have been on heightened alert for potential measles cases since May. The VDH issued guidance to area clinicians to maintain high suspicion for measles in unvaccinated patients presenting with fever and rash, and to contact the health department and isolate potential cases immediately before laboratory confirmation.

    The early MMR dose recommendation for infants aged 6 to 11 months is a significant step — the CDC typically reserves early dosing recommendations for situations where the outbreak risk is high enough to warrant protecting babies before the standard schedule begins.

    Who Faces the Greatest Risk?

    • Unvaccinated residents of Buckingham and Cumberland Counties
    • Children under 12 months who cannot yet receive standard MMR vaccination
    • People traveling through the area who are unvaccinated or have only one documented MMR dose
    • Anyone whose vaccination history is uncertain — particularly adults born between 1957 and 1989, who may have received only one dose before two-dose schedules became standard

    Symptoms and Warning Signs to Watch For

    Measles symptoms appear 7 to 14 days after exposure and progress in a predictable pattern:

    • High fever (often above 104°F)
    • Cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes
    • Small white spots inside the cheeks (Koplik spots — an early, distinctive sign)
    • A red blotchy rash beginning on the face and spreading downward, appearing 3 to 5 days after initial symptoms

    Infected people are contagious from four days before the rash appears through four days after. If you develop these symptoms, do not go to a medical facility without calling ahead — notify them of your possible measles exposure so they can prepare isolation protocols.

    What You Can Do Now

    • If you live in or plan to visit Buckingham or Cumberland Counties, confirm your MMR vaccination status and your children’s vaccination records.
    • Infants 6 to 11 months old in or visiting the outbreak area should receive an early MMR dose — discuss this with your pediatrician now.
    • If you are unsure whether you have had two MMR doses, contact your physician, local health department, or the VDH Record Request Portal.
    • Report symptoms consistent with measles — fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and rash — to your health care provider before seeking in-person care.
    • Residents can email questions to the Virginia Department of Health at epi_response@vdh.virginia.gov or contact their local health department.

    Cost and Access: What Patients Should Know

    MMR vaccine is covered at no cost under the ACA preventive services mandate for insured patients. The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program covers MMR for eligible uninsured children. Virginia health departments are providing MMR vaccination at no cost to area residents during the outbreak. Contact the Piedmont Health District for information on local vaccination clinics.

    What Happens Next

    The VDH is continuing contact tracing, case investigation, and targeted vaccination outreach in both counties. The outbreak will be declared resolved after 42 consecutive days with no new outbreak-related cases. MedicalDaily will report on any further geographic expansion and on case count updates as they are released.

    The Bottom Line

    Virginia’s measles outbreak has crossed into a second county, with 106 confirmed outbreak-associated cases and 129 statewide in 2026. Vaccination is the only tool that stops this spread. The VDH has issued specific outbreak guidance for infants as young as 6 months in the affected area — an unusually early recommendation that reflects the seriousness of the current risk. Confirm your vaccination status and your children’s MMR records now, before a potential exposure occurs.

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  • Lyme Disease Is Spreading into States That Rarely Saw It Before — Is Your County at Risk?

    Lyme Disease Is Spreading into States That Rarely Saw It Before — Is Your County at Risk?

    Lyme disease was once thought of as a problem concentrated in the Northeast and a few Midwest states. That geographic assumption is no longer accurate. Deer ticks — the primary carrier of the Lyme disease bacterium — are now establishing themselves in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan, areas where they were rarely found just a generation ago.

    Emergency department visits for tick bites were up more than 25 percent in April 2026 compared to April 2025, according to CDC data cited at a Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health media briefing on May 5, 2026. Researchers called it an early signal of what could be a challenging year ahead.

    Why This Matters

    Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne illness in the United States, and it is underreported by a wide margin. State health departments reported more than 89,000 confirmed cases to the CDC in 2023 — the most recent year for which national data were published, but researchers estimate the true number is closer to half a million annually, largely because of misdiagnosis and underreporting in areas where the disease is newly arriving.

    For residents of expanding-risk states, this matters in a very practical way: your doctor, your local emergency room, and even the diagnostic tests used to confirm Lyme disease may not be calibrated to a disease that was once considered rare in your area. Early Lyme disease is treatable with antibiotics, but a delayed diagnosis can lead to more serious complications, including neurological and cardiac involvement.

    What We Know So Far

    The Companion Animal Parasite Council’s 2026 annual forecast — which tracks tick populations and disease risk — identifies Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan as projected areas of significant Lyme disease expansion. The forecasts have historically been 94 percent accurate when compared to actual diagnostic results.

    The Upper Midwest and Northeast remain the highest-risk regions overall, with Minnesota, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut continuing to account for the largest share of confirmed cases. But the expansion is moving steadily south and west.

    According to Contagion Live, Dr. Elitza Theel, a Mayo Clinic infectious disease microbiologist, noted that “these cases have progressively spread into more Midwest states, such as Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Illinois,” and attributed the spread to both tick range expansion and the proliferation of environmental reservoirs — particularly white-footed mice and deer.

    Where the Risk Is Highest

    Pennsylvania remains among the highest-burden states in the nation for both Lyme disease and related tick-borne conditions. The state is also now formally tracking cases of alpha-gal syndrome — a rare red meat allergy triggered by tick bites from the lone star tick — adding another dimension to tick-related health risk.

    Within the broader risk map, the CAPC forecast projects that some of the greatest expansions in Lyme disease risk in 2026 will occur in Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, and parts of Tennessee and North Carolina — states that until recently saw very few cases. Iowa is also identified as a higher-than-normal risk area, particularly in the southeastern part of the state, due to forested river corridors along the Mississippi and Iowa rivers.

    In Indiana, blacklegged ticks have now been found in almost every county, according to Purdue University’s Medical Entomology program. The tick was first discovered in the state of northwestern Indiana in 1987 and has since expanded rapidly.

    What Doctors and Experts Say

    Dr. Thomas Hart, an infectious disease microbiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Lyme and Tick-Borne Diseases Research and Education Institute, explained the environmental drivers at the May 2026 briefing: “This increase in tick populations is going to be caused primarily by climate change. Warmer, milder winters are great for ticks to survive to the next year without freezing. And it also helps the animals that the ticks feed on — deer and mice — survive at greater populations.”

    Dr. Nicole Baumgarth, a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins, noted that suburban expansion into wooded areas is another key contributor: human activity is increasingly bringing people into contact with tick habitat that was previously less accessible.

    What the Evidence Shows — and What It Does Not

    Researchers at Johns Hopkins have noted a well-documented challenge that comes with geographic expansion: diagnostic gaps. Lyme disease is confirmed using a blood test that detects antibodies, but antibodies may take several weeks to develop after infection. A test done too early can come back negative even in an infected patient.

    This limitation matters more in newly expanding regions, where physicians are less accustomed to suspecting Lyme as a diagnosis, and patients are less likely to report a tick bite as a relevant medical history item.

    Established science shows that early Lyme disease, caught within days to a few weeks of a tick bite, responds well to oral antibiotics. Later-stage disease — which can involve the joints, heart, and nervous system — requires more intensive treatment and may have lingering symptoms even after treatment is complete.

    Who Faces the Greatest Risk?

    People most at risk for Lyme disease in 2026 include:

    • Outdoor workers in landscaping, forestry, agriculture, and construction in the Northeast and expanding Midwest
    • Hikers, campers, hunters, and people who spend time in wooded or grassy areas
    • Children between 5 and 15 years old, who show consistently higher case rates in national surveillance
    • Adults between 45 and 55, the other age group with elevated case rates
    • Residents of newly endemic counties in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan who may not recognize tick exposure as a health concern
    • Pet owners whose dogs spend time outdoors and can carry ticks into the home

    Symptoms and Warning Signs to Watch For

    Early Lyme disease — within the first three to 30 days after a tick bite — may cause:

    • A bull’s-eye rash (erythema migrans) at the bite site, though this rash does not appear in all cases
    • Fever, chills, and fatigue
    • Muscle and joint aches
    • Headache
    • Swollen lymph nodes

    Later symptoms, if the infection goes untreated, may include severe joint pain and swelling, neurological problems such as facial palsy or numbness, heart rhythm irregularities, and cognitive difficulties.

    Contact a health care provider promptly if you find an attached tick, develop a rash near a bite site, or experience fever and fatigue following outdoor activity in a tick-prone area.

    What You Can Do Now

    • Use EPA-registered insect repellents with DEET (20–30 percent), picaridin, or IR3535 on exposed skin when outdoors in wooded or grassy areas.
    • Wear long sleeves and pants, and tuck pants into socks when hiking in tick habitat.
    • Perform a full-body tick check — including scalp, behind the ears, under the arms, and between the legs — after any outdoor activity.
    • Remove attached ticks promptly using fine-tipped tweezers, pulling upward with steady pressure. Do not twist or crush the tick.
    • Shower within two hours of coming indoors after outdoor activity.
    • Talk to your veterinarian about tick prevention for dogs, which can also bring ticks into your home.
    • If you find an attached tick or develop symptoms after potential exposure, contact a clinician. Do not wait for the rash — not everyone with Lyme disease develops the classic bull’s-eye pattern.

    Cost and Access: What Patients Should Know

    Standard Lyme disease testing is typically covered by health insurance, though the two-step testing protocol may require a laboratory order and follow-up confirmatory testing. Patients in newly expanding areas who suspect tick exposure should be specific with their health care provider about their outdoor activities and location.

    In areas with limited primary care access, telehealth can be a practical option for initial evaluation and a discussion of whether testing and empiric treatment are warranted. Oral antibiotics such as doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime are effective for early Lyme disease and are widely available and relatively low-cost in generic form.

    What Happens Next

    The 2026 tick season is expected to remain active through October in most of the affected region. Researchers at Johns Hopkins are continuing work on Lyme disease diagnostics and are monitoring a pipeline of Lyme vaccines, though none is currently approved for human use in the United States. Updated CDC case data for 2024 are expected to be published later in 2026 and may confirm the geographic expansion already visible in tick surveillance data.

    The Bottom Line

    Lyme disease is no longer confined to the Northeast. If you live in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, or other expanding-risk areas, the risk of tick exposure in 2026 is meaningfully higher than it was just a few years ago. The best protection is simple and well-established: repellent, protective clothing, prompt tick checks, and early medical attention if you develop symptoms after possible tick exposure. Do not wait for the classic bull’s-eye rash, which is absent in a meaningful share of cases.

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  • HEALTH ALERT: Phoenix Confirms First Heat Death of 2026 as Extreme Heat Warning Tops 108°F — Maricopa County on Track for Another Lethal Summer

    HEALTH ALERT: Phoenix Confirms First Heat Death of 2026 as Extreme Heat Warning Tops 108°F — Maricopa County on Track for Another Lethal Summer

    PHOENIX — Maricopa County health officials have confirmed the first heat-related death of 2026, an older adult male whose passing serves as a grim annual marker that the desert Southwest’s deadliest season has officially begun. The announcement came in April, following a historic March heatwave that sent multiple days above 100°F — a jarring early signal in a region where triple-digit temperatures typically don’t arrive until late May or June.

    Then, in the second week of May, the National Weather Service issued a formal Extreme Heat Warning for the entire Phoenix metro area, with forecasted highs of 104°F on Saturday, 106°F on Sunday, and 108°F on Monday, May 11–13, 2026. That event affected more than 2 million people and triggered immediate activation of emergency protocols: trail closures at Camelback Mountain and Piestewa Peak between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., expanded cooling center hours across Phoenix, Glendale, Chandler, Mesa, and Tempe, and emergency public health messaging urging residents to hydrate constantly and seek air-conditioned shelter.

    The Death Toll in Context: A City That Has Been Here Before

    Maricopa County recorded 427 heat-related deaths in 2025, down from 608 in 2024 and 645 in 2023. That downward trend is real and reflects genuine effort: the city of Phoenix invested nearly $185 million over five years in capital projects and homeless service operations, created a dedicated Office of Heat Response and Mitigation, and added more than 1,880 temporary and permanent shelter beds since 2022. The county’s Maricopa Heat Relief Network, which launched May 1, 2026, coordinates cooling centers and water distribution points across the county.

    But even 427 deaths — the “improved” figure from 2025 — represents a staggering toll. Since 2013, more than 4,320 people have died from heat exposure in Arizona. The annual heat death toll in Maricopa County has risen approximately threefold since 2019. These are not natural disasters in the traditional sense. As public health experts consistently emphasize, heat deaths are preventable — each one represents a failure of the systems designed to protect the most vulnerable.

    The county tracks heat-related deaths and illness in near real-time through the Maricopa County Heat-Related Illness and Death Dashboard, which updates weekly and is publicly accessible. The dashboard draws on data from the county medical examiner, local hospitals, and the National Weather Service — providing a granular, transparent picture of the crisis that few other counties in the nation match.

    Who Is Dying and Where

    The demographics of Phoenix’s heat deaths tell a story about housing policy and social safety nets as much as they tell a story about weather. In 2023’s deadliest year on record, at least 45% of those who died were unhoused — sleeping behind dumpsters, in parking lots, or on sidewalks baking at temperatures above 150°F at ground level, on days when ambient air temperatures reached 115°F or higher. Senior citizens accounted for roughly one in three deaths.

    Geographic analysis of the data shows a stark pattern: neighborhoods with lower tree canopy coverage, more asphalt and concrete, and fewer green spaces — characteristics strongly correlated with lower household income — consistently record higher heat intensity than wealthier, leafier parts of the city. The urban heat island effect in Phoenix is not distributed equally.

    Outdoor workers — construction laborers, landscapers, agricultural workers, delivery drivers — represent a third major at-risk group. Arizona has no state-level outdoor heat standard for workers with the force of law; federal OSHA’s heat standard, still relatively new and being phased in, provides national-level protections that are subject to enforcement resources and political will.

    The Cooling Infrastructure Gap: What Still Isn’t Working

    Despite genuine progress, Phoenix’s heat response infrastructure has documented gaps. Not all cooling centers are accessible 24 hours — a critical problem because nighttime temperatures in Phoenix rarely drop below 90°F during peak summer, meaning overnight heat exposure is itself lethal, particularly for those sleeping outside. Transportation access to cooling centers remains a significant barrier for elderly residents, people with disabilities, and those without vehicles.

    The concern that federal pandemic-era funding supporting the heat relief network would expire in 2026 — as noted by the county’s own medical director — has materialized. The loss of that funding creates pressure on a system that, by every data point, still needs expansion, not contraction. The city of Phoenix simultaneously faces a $130 million reduction in tax revenue due to a change in Arizona state law, creating a fiscal environment hostile to scaling up heat response services.

    How to Protect Yourself During Extreme Heat Warnings in Phoenix

    • Check the Maricopa County Heat Relief Network for cooling center locations: maricopa.gov/heat.

    • Never leave children, elderly people, or pets in a parked vehicle. Car interiors can exceed 150°F within minutes.

    • Drink water before you feel thirsty — by the time thirst registers, dehydration is already underway.

    • If you see someone showing signs of heat stroke (hot, red, dry skin; confusion; loss of consciousness), call 911 immediately and move them to shade while waiting.

    • If your home lacks air conditioning and you cannot reach a cooling center, call 211 (Arizona’s social services helpline) for assistance.

    Current heat advisories and warnings for the Phoenix metro area can be accessed at weather.gov/phoenix.

    Conclusion: Phoenix Cannot Afford a “Good Enough” Heat Strategy

    Phoenix sits at the intersection of multiple accelerating crises: a warming climate, an unhoused population that grew during the pandemic and has not fully recovered, aging housing stock without central air conditioning, and now a tightening municipal budget. The tools to prevent heat deaths exist — cooling centers, early warning systems, targeted outreach to the elderly and unhoused — but they require sustained political will and adequate funding to deploy at the scale the problem demands.

    The first confirmed heat death of 2026 arrived in April. Summer doesn’t officially begin until June 21. If the pattern of recent years holds, thousands more emergency calls, hundreds more hospitalizations, and an unknown number of additional deaths lie ahead before the season ends. Maricopa County’s data-driven approach is a model worth emulating nationally — but even the best surveillance system is useless if the resources to act on what it finds are not there.

    RELATED ON MEDICALDAILY.COM

    • Houston’s Deadly Heat Season Is About to Begin — and the City’s ERs Are Already Behind

    • Extreme Heat and the Unhoused: America’s Most Preventable Crisis

    • Urban Heat Islands: Why Some Neighborhoods Are Dramatically Hotter Than Others

    • Heat Stroke vs Heat Exhaustion: Know the Difference Before It’s Too Late

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  • Measles Outbreak in Texas County With Low Vaccination Rate Multiplies, More Cases ‘Likely’

    Measles Outbreak in Texas County With Low Vaccination Rate Multiplies, More Cases ‘Likely’

    Measles is ripping through Gaines County, Texas—cases have more than tripled, and health officials warn the worst is yet to come. The highly contagious virus is spreading fast, with more infections “likely” in the days ahead.

    The Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) confirmed 48 cases as of this week, up from just 14 last Friday.

    “Thirteen of the patients have been hospitalized,” the agency stated in a press release. All of the cases involve individuals who are either unvaccinated or whose vaccination status is unknown.

    “The best way to prevent getting sick is to be immunized with two doses of a vaccine against measles,” DSHS advised. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is 97% effective at preventing infection.

    Health officials attribute the outbreak to low vaccination rates. Only 82% of kindergartners in Gaines County public schools are up to date on their shots, well below the 95% threshold required for herd immunity. The county also has an 18% exemption rate for vaccines due to religious or personal beliefs.

    “We’re trying to get out the message about how important vaccination is,” Zach Holbrooks, executive director of the South Plains Public Health District told CNN. He stressed those exposed or symptomatic should get tested at the mobile screening unit in Seminole, Texas.

    “Measles is a serious yet preventable disease,” added Dr. Jamie Felberg of the South Plains Public Health District. “Staying up to date on vaccinations is the most effective way to safeguard yourself, your loved ones, and the community.”

    “Additional cases are likely to occur in Gaines County and the surrounding communities,” DSHS warned.

    Originally published on Latin Times

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  • Measles Outbreak in Texas County With Low Vaccination Rate Multiplies, More Cases ‘Likely’

    Measles Outbreak in Texas County With Low Vaccination Rate Multiplies, More Cases ‘Likely’

    Measles is ripping through Gaines County, Texas—cases have more than tripled, and health officials warn the worst is yet to come. The highly contagious virus is spreading fast, with more infections “likely” in the days ahead.

    The Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) confirmed 48 cases as of this week, up from just 14 last Friday.

    “Thirteen of the patients have been hospitalized,” the agency stated in a press release. All of the cases involve individuals who are either unvaccinated or whose vaccination status is unknown.

    “The best way to prevent getting sick is to be immunized with two doses of a vaccine against measles,” DSHS advised. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is 97% effective at preventing infection.

    Health officials attribute the outbreak to low vaccination rates. Only 82% of kindergartners in Gaines County public schools are up to date on their shots, well below the 95% threshold required for herd immunity. The county also has an 18% exemption rate for vaccines due to religious or personal beliefs.

    “We’re trying to get out the message about how important vaccination is,” Zach Holbrooks, executive director of the South Plains Public Health District told CNN. He stressed those exposed or symptomatic should get tested at the mobile screening unit in Seminole, Texas.

    “Measles is a serious yet preventable disease,” added Dr. Jamie Felberg of the South Plains Public Health District. “Staying up to date on vaccinations is the most effective way to safeguard yourself, your loved ones, and the community.”

    “Additional cases are likely to occur in Gaines County and the surrounding communities,” DSHS warned.

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