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  • Prehab nutrition and GI surgical outcomes

    Prehab nutrition and GI surgical outcomes


    How can dietitians help patients enter surgery stronger and recover faster? In this episode, Kristy-Lee Raso, Senior Colorectal Dietitian and research lead of the PREHAB-GI study, shares how prehab nutrition is transforming perioperative care. From nutrition optimisation to multidisciplinary teamwork, Kristy-Lee explores practical strategies and leadership opportunities for dietitians to drive better surgical outcomes for patients.

    Hosted by Bec Sparrowhawk

    Biography

    Kristy-Lee Raso is a dietitian working in colorectal in Sydney, with nearly a decade of clinical experience. She served as the program and research lead for the PREHAB-GI study, a multimodal prehabilitation program for patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery, which forms the basis of her PhD on the implementation of prehabilitation in gastrointestinal surgical oncology. Her work focuses on optimising nutritional care to improve recovery and outcomes. Kristy-Lee represents dietetics on the Sydney Health Partners Perioperative Care Clinical Academic Group and contributes to national initiatives, including the NSW ACI Prehabilitation Working Party and the AGITG Lower GI Working Group.

     

    In this episode, we discuss:

    • Key nutrition priorities to optimise surgical recovery
    • Insights on weight management and GLP-1 medications
    • The role of immunonutrition in patient preparation
    • How to tailor timelines within busy surgical pathways
    • Where dietitians can lead and make the biggest impact


    Additional resources

    Connect with Kristy-Lee via LinkedIn or on email at [email protected]

    For further reading see below citations and references

    • Raso K.L., David M., Melton A., Tan S.Y.(C), & Vardy J.L. Bridging the Gap Between Prescription and Participation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Factors Influencing Adherence to Prehabilitation in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery. Supportive Care in Cancer. (In press, 2025).
    • PREHAB GI Study
    • Preoperative weight loss interventions
    •  

    The content, products and/or services referred to in this podcast are intended for Health Care Professionals only and are not, and are not intended to be, medical advice, which should be tailored to your individual circumstances. The content is for your information only, and we advise that you exercise your own judgement before deciding to use the information provided. Professional medical advice should be obtained before taking action. The reference to particular products and/or services in this episode does not constitute any form of endorsement. Please see  here  for terms and conditions.


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  • What to Expect During Your First Psychiatry Appointment

    What to Expect During Your First Psychiatry Appointment

    Starting a first psychiatry appointment can feel uncertain, especially without knowing what the process involves. In a large city like Los Angeles, clinics often offer telehealth options, evening or weekend availability, and multilingual staff—details that can shape how your first visit is scheduled and conducted. Many people wonder how the conversation will unfold, what questions might come up, and how much personal history they will need to share. Understanding what typically happens during this visit helps reduce stress and sets the stage for a more comfortable experience.

    This type of appointment usually serves as an introduction between the individual and the psychiatrist. It allows both sides to build a clearer picture of current concerns, past experiences, and possible next steps. By knowing the general flow of the visit, a person can walk in with more confidence and focus on making the most of the time.

    Initial intake and medical history review

    The first psychiatry appointment usually begins with an intake process. The psychiatrist asks about current symptoms, personal background, and goals for treatment. This step helps create a clear picture of the person’s needs.

    Next, the provider reviews medical history in detail. They may ask about past diagnoses, medications, hospitalizations, and family mental health history. Honest answers allow the psychiatrist to build an accurate record.

    Lifestyle factors such as sleep, diet, and substance use are often discussed as well. These details help the provider understand how daily habits may affect mental health.

    People seeking mental health services in Los Angeles can expect this same process, whether in person or through telemedicine. This approach allows the provider to design treatment that matches the individual’s situation.

    The intake also gives patients a chance to ask questions. By sharing concerns early, they can feel more comfortable and involved in their care plan.

    Discussion of current symptoms and concerns

    At the start of the appointment, the psychiatrist usually asks about current symptoms. This may include mood changes, trouble with sleep, appetite shifts, or problems with focus. The goal is to understand how these issues affect daily life.

    Patients are encouraged to describe their concerns in clear terms. For example, they might explain how often symptoms occur, how long they last, and what seems to trigger them. Specific details help the psychiatrist form a more accurate picture.

    The psychiatrist may also ask how symptoms impact school, work, or relationships. These questions give context and reveal patterns that might not be obvious at first.

    In addition, the conversation often covers past attempts to manage symptoms, such as therapy or medication. This helps the psychiatrist see what has or has not been useful.

    By discussing both current challenges and past efforts, the psychiatrist gains a clearer view of the person’s needs and can begin shaping an approach that fits their situation.

    Mental health evaluation and diagnostic assessment

    A first psychiatry appointment usually begins with a mental health evaluation. The psychiatrist asks about current symptoms, personal history, and any past medical or mental health treatment. This helps them understand the person’s background and main concerns.

    The assessment often includes questions about mood, sleep, appetite, focus, and daily functioning. The psychiatrist may also ask about family history, past stressors, or major life events. These details provide context for how symptoms developed and how they affect daily life.

    In some cases, the psychiatrist may use questionnaires or screening tools. These tools give structure to the evaluation and support the diagnostic process. They can also highlight patterns that might not come up in conversation.

    After gathering this information, the psychiatrist begins forming a diagnostic picture. The goal is to identify possible conditions and guide treatment planning. This step sets the foundation for deciding whether therapy, medication, or a mix of both may be helpful.

    Review of any past treatments or medications

    The psychiatrist will ask about past treatments to understand what has or has not worked before. This may include previous therapy approaches, hospital stays, or other forms of care. The goal is to see patterns that may guide the current plan.

    Medication history is also an important part of the discussion. Patients are usually asked to share the names, dosages, and length of time they took each prescription. Side effects or reasons for stopping a medication are equally important details.

    In addition, providers often want to know about over-the-counter drugs, supplements, or substances that could affect mental health. This information helps avoid harmful interactions and supports safer choices moving forward.

    Family history of medication response may also come up. For example, learning how a relative reacted to a certain drug can sometimes give helpful clues. This type of context allows the psychiatrist to make more informed recommendations.

    Setting goals and treatment planning

    The psychiatrist usually begins by asking about the person’s main concerns and what they hope to achieve. This helps set a clear direction for care and gives both sides a shared understanding of priorities.

    After discussing symptoms and history, the psychiatrist may suggest specific goals. These can include reducing certain symptoms, improving daily functioning, or addressing long-term well-being. Goals are often practical and tailored to the individual’s needs.

    Treatment planning follows naturally from these goals. The psychiatrist might recommend therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes. In some cases, a combination of approaches works best.

    The plan is not fixed. Progress is reviewed over time, and adjustments are made if needed. This flexibility allows treatment to stay aligned with the person’s changing situation.

    Patients are encouraged to take part in the process by asking questions and sharing feedback. Open communication helps create a plan that feels realistic and manageable.

    Conclusion

    A first psychiatry appointment gives patients and providers a chance to build understanding and set goals. The visit often includes questions about medical history, current concerns, and daily life. This helps the psychiatrist form a clear picture of the person’s needs.

    Patients should remember they can also ask questions. Clear communication helps both sides feel more comfortable and prepared for next steps.

    By knowing what to expect, individuals can approach the appointment with more confidence and use the time in a productive way.

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  • 5 natural ways to overcome erectile dysfunction

    5 natural ways to overcome erectile dysfunction

    how to overcome erectile dysfunction

    If you’re a middle aged man, can you run as fast as you did when you were 20 years old? Hit a baseball as far as you once could? Bash a tennis ball with the same speed and spin?

    Probably not.

    But even as we age, there are still plenty of ways to stay in the game and enjoy it. That’s as true of sex as it is of sports.

    What is erectile dysfunction?

    Erectile dysfunction, or ED, is trouble attaining and sustaining an erection sufficient for satisfying sexual intercourse. At least 25% of the time, the penis doesn’t get firm enough, or it gets firm but softens too soon.

    Causes of erectile dysfunction

    Erectile dysfunction can occur for many reasons. Sometimes it is as simple as the side effect of a particular medication. Job stress, relationship problems, or depression can also contribute to ED.

    But for roughly 75% of men, the cause is more complex. ED may result from vascular disease, neurological disease, diabetes, or prostate-related treatments or surgeries.

    Often, the culprit behind ED is insufficient blood supply to the penis because of clogged arteries (atherosclerosis). In fact, in up to 30% of men who see their doctors about ED, the condition is the first hint that they have cardiovascular disease.

    Erectile dysfunction self-care: 5 tips to use today

    Whether you currently suffer from ED or are hoping to sidestep this condition, try these tips to overcome ED for better health and a better sex life.

    1. Start walking. According to one Harvard study, just 30 minutes of walking a day was linked with a 41% drop in risk for ED. Other research suggests that moderate exercise can help restore sexual performance in obese middle-aged men with ED.
    2. Eat right. In the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, eating a diet rich in natural foods like fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish — with less red and processed meat and refined grains — decreased the likelihood of ED.
    3. Pay attention to your vascular health. High blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and high triglycerides can all damage arteries in the heart (causing heart attack), in the brain (causing stroke), and leading to the penis (causing ED). An expanding waistline also contributes. Check with your doctor to find out whether your vascular system — and thus your heart, brain, and penis — is in good shape or needs a tune-up through lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medications.
    4. Size matters, so get slim and stay slim. A trim waistline is one good defense — a man with a 42-inch waist is 50% more likely to have ED than one with a 32-inch waist. Losing weight can help fight erectile dysfunction, so getting to a healthy weight and staying there is another good strategy for avoiding or fixing ED.Obesity raises risks for vascular disease and diabetes, two major causes of ED. And excess fat interferes with several hormones that may be part of the problem as well.
    5. Move a muscle, but we’re not talking about your biceps. A strong pelvic floor enhances rigidity during erections and helps keep blood from leaving the penis by pressing on a key vein. In a British trial, three months of twice-daily sets of Kegel exercises (which strengthen these muscles), combined with biofeedback and advice on lifestyle changes — quitting smoking, losing weight, limiting alcohol — worked far better than just advice on lifestyle changes.

    For more on diagnosing and treating ED, read What to do About Erectile Dysfunction, a Special Health Report from Harvard Medical School.



    Image: © Darren Baker | Dreamstime.com

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  • Shifting Habits: Three Mindful Parenting Tips You Can Try Today

    Shifting Habits: Three Mindful Parenting Tips You Can Try Today

    Susan Kaiser Greenland offers three mindful parenting tips to help kids pause and reflect so they can identify and shift habits.

    We all have habits—some of them helpful or neutral, others that persistently create problems in our lives. It’s easier for kids to change habits than grown-ups. One way to start recognising your pattern of automatic behavior is to create external signals that will automatically show up throughout the day. These three mindful parenting tips can be interrupters that provide an opportunity to pause and reflect.

    1. Create mindfulness reminders

    I have seen kids tie a string around one finger, make mindfulness bracelets of ribbons or beads, or tape a colorful sticker to their cell phones. Whenever you see them, just pause to take in what’s happening in your mind and body.

    2. Implement breathing prompts

    Suggest to your children to practice breath awareness whenever they brush their teeth or put their socks on. Breathing prompts help kids recognise just how many things they do are on automatic pilot. By interrupting automatic behavior, kids have the time and mental space to make connections between what they’re doing, what they’re thinking, and how they’re feeling.

    3. Notice funny feelings

    Kids talk about having a funny feeling in the split second just before they do something that they later wish they hadn’t done, maybe a tightening in their chests, or a sinking feeling in their stomachs. That funny feeling occurs in the “about to” moment.

    By noticing their funny feelings, kids pause before they act to ask:

    • Why am I choosing to do this?
    • How does it make me feel?
    • Is my motivation friendly or unfriendly?

    If, upon reflection, the action doesn’t feel right, they can choose to act differently.

    Photo © flickr.com/Josh Kenzer



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  • The Importance of Intimacy: How to Keep the Spark Alive in Your Relationship

    The Importance of Intimacy: How to Keep the Spark Alive in Your Relationship

    Introduction

    Intimacy is the foundation of any successful relationship. It is the glue that holds couples together, creating a bond that is strong and unbreakable. Intimacy is not just about physical touch, but also about emotional connection, trust, and communication. In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy to get caught up in our busy lives and neglect our relationships. However, it’s essential to prioritize intimacy and make it a vital part of our daily lives. In this article, we’ll explore the importance of intimacy, how to keep the spark alive in your relationship, and provide tips and advice on how to nurture and strengthen your bond with your partner.

    What is Intimacy?

    Intimacy is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses physical, emotional, and spiritual connection with our partner. It’s about feeling comfortable and secure with each other, being able to share our thoughts, feelings, and desires without fear of judgment or rejection. Intimacy is built on trust, respect, and communication, and it’s essential for creating a deep and meaningful connection with our partner. Physical intimacy, such as sex and touch, is an important aspect of any romantic relationship, but it’s not the only component of intimacy. Emotional intimacy, such as sharing our feelings and thoughts, is also crucial for building a strong and lasting bond.

    The Benefits of Intimacy

    Intimacy has numerous benefits for our physical and mental health, as well as our relationships. Some of the benefits of intimacy include:

    • Reduced stress and anxiety
    • Improved mental health and wellbeing
    • Stronger immune system
    • Better sleep quality
    • Increased feelings of happiness and satisfaction
    • Deeper emotional connection with our partner
    • Improved communication and conflict resolution skills
    • Increased intimacy and physical connection

    How to Keep the Spark Alive

    Keeping the spark alive in your relationship requires effort and dedication from both partners. Here are some tips on how to nurture and strengthen your intimacy:

    • Schedule regular date nights: Set aside time for just the two of you, free from distractions and interruptions.
    • Practice emotional intimacy: Share your thoughts, feelings, and desires with your partner, and listen to theirs.
    • Make time for physical touch: Hold hands, give hugs, and cuddle with your partner.
    • Try new things together: Engage in new hobbies, activities, and experiences that bring you both joy and excitement.
    • Communicate openly and honestly: Talk to your partner about your needs, desires, and concerns.
    • Show appreciation and gratitude: Express your love and appreciation for your partner through small gestures and surprises.

    Building Emotional Intimacy

    Emotional intimacy is a crucial component of any romantic relationship. It’s about feeling comfortable and secure with our partner, being able to share our thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment or rejection. Here are some tips on how to build emotional intimacy:

    • Practice active listening: Listen to your partner without interrupting or judging, and show that you’re engaged and interested in what they’re saying.
    • Be vulnerable: Share your thoughts, feelings, and desires with your partner, and be open to their feedback and response.
    • Show empathy and understanding: Put yourself in your partner’s shoes and try to see things from their perspective.
    • Validate each other’s emotions: Recognize and validate each other’s feelings, even if you don’t agree on everything.

    Overcoming Intimacy Challenges

    Every relationship faces challenges and obstacles, and intimacy is no exception. Here are some common intimacy challenges and how to overcome them:

    • Lack of communication: Make time to talk to your partner, and listen to their needs and desires.
    • Trust issues: Work on rebuilding trust by being transparent, honest, and dependable.
    • Physical intimacy issues: Talk to your partner about your needs and desires, and seek professional help if necessary.
    • Emotional disconnection: Make time for emotional intimacy, and practice active listening and empathy.

    Conclusion

    Intimacy is the foundation of any successful relationship. It’s about creating a deep and meaningful connection with our partner, built on trust, respect, and communication. By prioritizing intimacy and making it a vital part of our daily lives, we can strengthen our bond with our partner, improve our physical and mental health, and increase our overall happiness and satisfaction. Remember, intimacy is a two-way street that requires effort and dedication from both partners. By following the tips and advice outlined in this article, you can nurture and strengthen your intimacy, and keep the spark alive in your relationship.

    FAQs

    Q: What is intimacy, and why is it important in a relationship?
    A: Intimacy is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses physical, emotional, and spiritual connection with our partner. It’s essential for creating a deep and meaningful connection with our partner, and has numerous benefits for our physical and mental health, as well as our relationships.
    Q: How can I keep the spark alive in my relationship?
    A: Keeping the spark alive in your relationship requires effort and dedication from both partners. Schedule regular date nights, practice emotional intimacy, make time for physical touch, try new things together, communicate openly and honestly, and show appreciation and gratitude.
    Q: What is emotional intimacy, and how can I build it with my partner?
    A: Emotional intimacy is about feeling comfortable and secure with our partner, being able to share our thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment or rejection. Practice active listening, be vulnerable, show empathy and understanding, and validate each other’s emotions.
    Q: How can I overcome intimacy challenges in my relationship?
    A: Every relationship faces challenges and obstacles, and intimacy is no exception. Lack of communication, trust issues, physical intimacy issues, and emotional disconnection are common intimacy challenges. Make time to talk to your partner, work on rebuilding trust, talk to your partner about your needs and desires, and make time for emotional intimacy.
    Q: Is intimacy only about physical touch and sex?
    A: No, intimacy is not just about physical touch and sex. It’s also about emotional connection, trust, and communication. Emotional intimacy is a crucial component of any romantic relationship, and it’s essential for creating a deep and meaningful connection with our partner.

  • How to Protect Your Health in the First 24 Hours After a Car Accident

    How to Protect Your Health in the First 24 Hours After a Car Accident

    The jarring reality of a vehicle collision is a frequent and tragic event across the United States. In fact, car accidents are responsible for an estimated 100 deaths each day and send 2.1 million people to the emergency room annually. In the moments following a crash, chaos, confusion, and a rush of adrenaline can easily take over, often masking the presence of serious injuries.

    Navigating this high-stress situation with a clear plan is essential for your long-term well-being. This guide provides clear, actionable steps to take within the first 24 hours to protect your most important asset: your health. By acting deliberately, you can prevent minor issues from becoming major complications and ensure you are on the right path to a full recovery.

    At the Scene: Your First Priority Actions

    What you do immediately at the crash site can have a significant impact on your health and safety. The priority is to secure the area, assess your physical condition, and gather essential information without putting yourself or others at further risk.

    Ensure Safety and Call for Help

    Your first action should always be to assess immediate danger. If it is possible and safe to do so, move your vehicle to the shoulder or out of the flow of traffic to prevent a secondary collision. Turn on your hazard lights to alert other drivers.

    Next, call 911 without delay, even if the accident seems minor. This summons both medical first responders who can provide immediate aid and law enforcement to secure the scene. A formal police report provides essential documentation of the accident, which is often required by insurance companies to process a claim.

    Perform a Quick Self-Check

    While waiting for help to arrive, conduct a brief self-assessment for any obvious injuries. Check for cuts, active bleeding, signs of head trauma, or potential broken bones. Pay attention to any sharp pain or inability to move a limb.

    It is critical to advise against moving if you suspect a neck or back injury, as this could worsen a potential spinal cord issue. If you are in pain or feel dizzy, try to remain still and wait for paramedics to assist you safely.

    A Step-by-Step Checklist for the Scene

    While waiting for first responders, there are several key steps you can take to document the incident, provided you are not seriously injured and can move safely.

    • Check on other passengers and individuals involved in the accident. Ask if they are okay, but avoid administering medical aid unless you are qualified; wait for professionals.
    • Use your phone to take photos of the scene from multiple angles. Document the damage to all vehicles involved, skid marks on the road, traffic signals, and any of your own visible injuries.
    • Exchange contact and insurance information with the other driver(s). Get their full name, phone number, address, driver’s license number, license plate number, and insurance policy details.
    • Avoid discussing fault or apologizing. Statements like “I’m so sorry” can be misinterpreted as an admission of guilt, which can complicate insurance and legal matters later.
    • If there are witnesses, get their names and phone numbers. Their impartial accounts of what happened can be invaluable for both medical and insurance purposes.
    • Cooperate with the police when they arrive. Provide a clear, factual account of the events leading up to the collision. Stick to what you know and avoid speculating.

    The Critical Hours After: Recognizing Hidden Dangers

    The 24-hour period after a car accident is a critical window for identifying injuries that may not be immediately apparent. Adrenaline can mask significant pain, and some of the most common collision-related injuries have delayed symptoms. Seeking prompt medical attention is non-negotiable.

    Why You Must See a Doctor, Even if You Feel Fine

    The surge of adrenaline during a car crash is a powerful painkiller. Many people walk away from an accident feeling fine, only to wake up in severe pain the next day. A medical professional can identify underlying issues like internal bruising, hairline fractures, or soft tissue damage that you may not feel yet. Getting immediate medical help can be life-saving.

    Furthermore, many serious conditions, such as cervical spine dysfunction, only become apparent after a professional evaluation. A thorough medical check-up creates a baseline record of your health post-accident, which is vital for proper follow-up care.

    Common Delayed-Symptom Injuries

    Some of the most serious injuries may not show symptoms for hours or even days. According to legal and medical experts, whiplash is a prime example of an injury that may not present symptoms until well after the collision. What initially feels like minor neck stiffness can develop into chronic pain and limited mobility if left untreated.

    Other common delayed-symptom injuries include concussions, which can manifest as headaches or confusion hours later; soft tissue injuries like sprains and strains; and even dangerous internal bleeding. Never dismiss minor aches or stiffness in the day following an accident, as they could be early indicators of a more significant musculoskeletal problem.

    Symptoms to Watch For: Immediate vs. Delayed

    Being vigilant about your body’s signals is crucial. Here is a comparison of symptoms that may appear immediately versus those that can surface hours or days later.

    Immediate Symptoms to Address Delayed Symptoms (Hours to Days Later)
    Visible cuts or bleeding Persistent headaches, dizziness, or confusion (Concussion)
    Suspected broken bones or fractures Neck, shoulder, or back stiffness and pain (Whiplash)
    Loss of consciousness, however brief Numbness, tingling, or weakness in limbs (Nerve damage)
    Difficulty breathing or chest pain Abdominal pain, deep bruising, or swelling (Internal injury)
    Obvious pain and discomfort Emotional changes like anxiety, irritability, or PTSD

    Safeguarding Your Recovery: The Power of Documentation

    Meticulous record-keeping is a powerful tool for managing your health after an accident. It helps your medical team track your progress and provides a clear, detailed history for any subsequent insurance or legal processes that may arise.

    Creating a Detailed Health Journal

    From the very first day, start a journal to document your health journey. Record every physical and mental symptom you experience, no matter how minor it seems. Note your pain levels on a scale of 1 to 10 throughout the day.

    Also, keep track of any medication you take, disruptions to your sleep patterns, and any daily activities you now find difficult or impossible to perform. This detailed log will be an invaluable resource for your doctor and can help illustrate the full impact of the accident on your quality of life.

    The Legal Importance of Prompt Medical Records

    From a legal and insurance standpoint, seeking an immediate medical evaluation creates an official record that links your injuries directly to the accident. This documentation is crucial for validating insurance claims and protecting your rights in a potential personal injury case. Insurance companies may argue that a delay in seeking care means your injuries were caused by another event, not the collision.

    Understanding the immediate steps to take after a car accident includes recognizing how proper medical and legal documentation safeguards your future. This is particularly important because the gap between a legal settlement and a person’s actual physical recovery can be significant if not managed correctly from the start.

    Don’t Forget Your Mental Health

    The impact of a car accident is not just physical; it is a traumatic event that can have a lasting psychological effect. It is common to experience anxiety, depression, or even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the weeks and months following a crash.

    If you experience persistent emotional distress, flashbacks of the event, nightmares, or a new fear related to driving, it is important to speak with a mental health professional. Acknowledging and addressing the mental health impact is a critical component of a comprehensive recovery.

    Taking Control of Your Recovery Starts Now

    In the aftermath of a car accident, focusing on three critical actions can define your path forward: ensuring your safety at the scene, seeking a comprehensive medical evaluation without delay, and meticulously documenting every aspect of your physical and mental health journey. These steps are your first line of defense against long-term complications.

    While you couldn’t control the accident, you can take control of your recovery. By prioritizing your health from the very first day, you empower yourself to heal properly and build the strongest possible foundation for your future well-being.

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  • Hydrate to Perform: 10 Essential Tips to Prevent Dehydration During Exercise

    Hydrate to Perform: 10 Essential Tips to Prevent Dehydration During Exercise

    She knows that staying hydrated is crucial for optimal performance during exercise. Dehydration can lead to a decline in physical performance, fatigue, and even serious health problems. As she prepares for her next workout, she’s looking for ways to prevent dehydration and perform at her best. In this article, we’ll dive into the world of hydration and explore the essential tips to help her, and you, stay hydrated and perform optimally during exercise.

    Understanding Dehydration
    Before we dive into the tips, it’s essential to understand what dehydration is and how it affects the body. Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, causing an imbalance in the body’s water and electrolyte levels. This can happen quickly during intense or prolonged exercise, especially in hot and humid environments. When the body is dehydrated, it can’t regulate its temperature, transport nutrients and oxygen to cells, or remove waste products efficiently. This can lead to a decline in physical performance, fatigue, headaches, and dizziness.

    Tip 1: Drink Plenty of Water Before Exercise
    She knows that drinking water before exercise is essential to prevent dehydration. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends drinking 17-20 ounces of water 2-3 hours before exercise. This allows the body to absorb the water and regulate its fluid levels before physical activity. It’s also essential to drink water regularly throughout the day to stay hydrated, rather than relying on a single large intake before exercise.

    Tip 2: Monitor Your Urine Output
    She’s learned to monitor her urine output to gauge her hydration levels. If her urine is pale yellow or clear, she’s well-hydrated. If it’s dark yellow or amber-colored, she needs to drink more water. This simple trick helps her stay on track and adjust her fluid intake according to her body’s needs.

    Tip 3: Eat Hydrating Foods
    In addition to drinking water, she includes hydrating foods in her diet to help her stay hydrated. Foods like watermelon, cucumbers, and celery are rich in water content and can contribute to her daily fluid intake. She also incorporates electrolyte-rich foods like bananas, avocados, and nuts to help regulate her body’s electrolyte levels.

    Tip 4: Avoid Caffeine and Sugary Drinks
    She’s careful about what she drinks before and during exercise. Caffeine and sugary drinks can act as diuretics, increasing urine production and leading to dehydration. She sticks to water or sports drinks that are designed to replenish electrolytes and provide hydration.

    Tip 5: Use a Hydration Belt or Backpack
    During long distances or intense workouts, she uses a hydration belt or backpack to carry water and sports drinks. This allows her to drink regularly and stay hydrated without having to stop or slow down. She’s found that having access to water and electrolytes during exercise helps her perform better and recover faster.

    Tip 6: Pay Attention to Weather Conditions
    She’s mindful of the weather conditions when she exercises outdoors. In hot and humid weather, she drinks more water and takes regular breaks to cool down. In cold weather, she wears breathable clothing and drinks warm fluids to stay hydrated and comfortable.

    Tip 7: Monitor Your Body Weight
    She keeps track of her body weight before and after exercise to monitor her hydration levels. A weight loss of more than 2-3% of her body weight during exercise indicates dehydration. She adjusts her fluid intake accordingly to prevent dehydration and maintain optimal performance.

    Tip 8: Avoid Overhydration
    While dehydration is a concern, overhydration can be just as problematic. She’s careful not to drink too much water, as this can lead to a condition called hyponatremia, where the body’s sodium levels become diluted. She drinks water regularly, but in moderation, to maintain a healthy balance of fluids and electrolytes.

    Tip 9: Use Electrolyte Supplements
    During intense or prolonged exercise, she uses electrolyte supplements to replenish lost electrolytes. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and magnesium help regulate the body’s fluid balance and support muscle function. She chooses sports drinks or supplements that contain these essential electrolytes to help her perform at her best.

    Tip 10: Listen to Your Body
    Finally, she listens to her body and pays attention to signs of dehydration. If she experiences headaches, fatigue, or dizziness during exercise, she knows it’s time to drink more water and take a break. She prioritizes her health and safety above her performance, knowing that dehydration can lead to serious health problems if left untreated.

    In conclusion, staying hydrated during exercise is crucial for optimal performance and overall health. By following these 10 essential tips, she’s able to prevent dehydration and perform at her best. Whether she’s a casual exerciser or a competitive athlete, hydration is key to achieving her fitness goals and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Q: How much water should I drink during exercise?
    A: The amount of water you should drink during exercise depends on your individual needs, the intensity and duration of your workout, and the weather conditions. Aim to drink 7-10 ounces of water every 10-15 minutes during exercise.

    Q: Can I drink sports drinks instead of water?
    A: Sports drinks can be helpful during intense or prolonged exercise, as they contain electrolytes that help regulate the body’s fluid balance. However, they can be high in sugar and calories, so it’s essential to choose a sports drink that’s low in sugar and designed for your specific needs.

    Q: How can I tell if I’m dehydrated?
    A: Signs of dehydration include headaches, fatigue, dizziness, dark yellow or amber-colored urine, and decreased urine output. If you experience any of these symptoms, stop exercising and drink water or a sports drink to rehydrate.

    Q: Can I drink coffee or tea before exercise?
    A: Caffeine can act as a diuretic, increasing urine production and leading to dehydration. While a small amount of caffeine may not be harmful, it’s essential to be mindful of your caffeine intake and drink water regularly to stay hydrated.

    Q: How can I stay hydrated during long-distance events?
    A: During long-distance events, it’s essential to drink water and sports drinks regularly to stay hydrated. Use a hydration belt or backpack to carry fluids, and take advantage of aid stations or water stops to refill your bottles. Aim to drink 7-10 ounces of water every 10-15 minutes, and adjust your intake according to your individual needs and the weather conditions.

    hydrate-to-perform-10-essential-tips-to-prevent-dehydration-during-exercise

  • Living With Residual Limb Pain – Amputee Coalition

    Living With Residual Limb Pain – Amputee Coalition

    Introduction

    What is residual limb pain (RLP)? This is the pain that originates in the remaining part of your limb. It can be caused by a variety of conditions related to your surgery or it can be caused by conditions you had prior to your amputation. You and your healthcare team will want to work carefully together to understand the origin and cause of your pain in order to treat it successfully.

     

    Normal Postoperative Pain

    After surgery, your postoperative pain will diminish over the first few weeks. After you are discharged from the hospital, you may still be taking pain pills, but should be able to decrease the number of pills fairly quickly. Methods to decrease swelling will also help reduce your pain, including elastic wraps and residual limb socks, light massage and finger tapping, and cold packs.

    Residual limb pain is different from this normal postoperative pain. For example, it commonly occurs after your postoperative pain has ended. It is frequently described as sharp, aching, throbbing or burning in nature. Your entire healthcare team, including your doctors, therapists and prosthetist, will work with you to determine the cause of this pain and decide what treatments might be most effective.

     

    Possible Causes of Residual Limb Pain include:

    • Underlying disease process such as skin problems and infection and nerve pain (neuropathy), especially if you have diabetes or circulatory problems
    • Surgical trauma, including decreased blood supply to your limb or poor tissue coverage at the end of the bone
    • Neuroma formation
    • Entrapment of nerves in scar tissue.

     

    Underlying Disease Processes

    Key to managing symptoms of pain that have to do with a pre-existing condition like diabetes is to make sure that the condition is managed as well as possible.

    For example, if you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar under good control. If you have poor circulation, follow your physician’s instructions for diet, exercise and medications.

    Managing pre-existing conditions after surgery is as important as ever.

     

    Surgical Trauma

    Poor tissue coverage can be caused by the bone at the end of your residual limb not being properly trimmed at the time of surgery, and this can cause pain when you wear your prosthesis. If padding and other methods are not successful, surgery may be required to revise your residual limb so as to decrease your pain and allow you to wear your prosthesis.

     

    Neuromas

    A neuroma is a collection, or bundle, of nerve endings that forms under the skin of your residual limb. Think of it like a tangle of hair. It can become very sensitive, especially if the tangle is pressing against your prosthesis.

    Because neuromas are made up of nerve endings, possible treatments include medications that help with nerve pain, such as:

    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications
    • Specific antidepressants and anticonvulsants that have been found to be effective for
    • nerve pain
    • Steroid injections.

    Non-medication options include:

    • Ultrasound, which is essentially a machine that uses sound waves to generate heat within a body part. It can help increase blood flow so that inflammation and swelling can be decreased
    • Massage, which also helps decrease inflammation and also helps desensitize your residual limb to touch
    • Vibration, which creates a mild shaking to contract muscles, and to decrease inflammation and pain
    • Percussion/finger tapping at the point of pain, which also helps with desensitization of your residual limb
    • Acupuncture, manipulating thin, solid needles that have been inserted into specific pressure points in the skin, which has been helpful for some
    • TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), which produces a sensation of mild pins and needles, overriding some of the pain that your body is producing.

    Modifying the prosthesis socket to prevent rubbing at the sensitive part of your limb may also be helpful.

    Unfortunately, surgery to remove neuromas is not usually successful, because they often just reform.

     

    Heterotopic Bone

    Occasionally, excess bone forms abnormally around the end of the amputated limb; this is sometimes called a “bone spur.” The “extra” bone may cause pressure points that interfere with the fit of your prosthesis; this occurs more frequently in children than adults. If the problem cannot be solved with changes to the prosthesis, surgery can remove the excess bone. For children, this is best done after the bone stops growing.

     

    Entrapment of Nerves in Scar Tissue

    As your incision begins to heal, your doctor will let you know when you can start massaging your residual limb. This will help to prevent nerves from being “caught” in scar tissue. You will also be taught how to wrap your limb using elastic wraps. This not only helps to prevent scarring but also helps with prosthesis fit.

     

    Managing Pain

    No matter the cause of residual limb pain, there are some principles that can be followed to help you manage your pain.

    • Begin exercises as soon as your surgeon allows it. Standing, walking and muscle stretching not only improve your general health, but also interrupt pain signals.
    • Desensitize your residual limb, following the instructions of your physical or occupational therapist; this includes both massaging and wrapping your residual limb.
    • Keep a pain journal. Keeping track of your symptoms and sharing them with your healthcare team will help you find the right treatments for you.
    • Practice relaxation. We know that tension and stress increase pain. It is estimated that 50 percent of pain can be reduced by relaxation.

     

    About the Amputee Coalition

    The Amputee Coalition is a donor-supported, nonprofit voluntary health organization serving the over 5.6 million people with limb loss and limb difference in the United States.

    For more information, please call 888-267-5669 or visit amputee-coalition.org.

     

    Acknowledgements

    This project was supported, in part, by grant number 90LLRC0001-01-00, from the Administration for Community Living, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C. 20201. Grantees undertaking projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their findings and conclusions. Points of view or opinions do not, therefore, necessarily represent official Administration for Community Living policy.

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  • Pelvic Exams by Med Students on Anesthetized Women 

    Pelvic Exams by Med Students on Anesthetized Women 

    Please note: This blog contains descriptions of sexual assault.

    From Heart Failure, a book I wrote about my time at Tufts University School of Medicine: “I am all gloved up, fifth in line. At Tufts, medical students—particularly male students—practice pelvic exams on anesthetized women without their consent and without their knowledge. Women come in for surgery and, once they’re asleep, we all gather around; line forms to the left…We learn more than examination skills. Taking advantage of the woman’s vulnerability—as she lay naked on a table unconscious—we learn that patients are tools to exploit for our education.”

    Using female patients to teach pelvic exams without their consent or knowledge remains “a dirty little secret about medical schools.” It is an “age-old” practice that continues to this day in med schools around the world. It’s been referred to as “the ‘vending machine’ model of pelvic exams, in which medical students line up to take their turn…” “Only it’s not a vending machine; it’s a woman’s vagina.”

    It’s been called “an outrageous assault upon the dignity and autonomy of the patient…The practice shows a lack of respect for these patients as persons, revealing a moral insensitivity and a misuse of power.” Indeed, “it is yet another example of the way in which physicians abuse their power and have shown themselves unwilling to police themselves in matters of ethics, especially with regard to female patients.” Said a residency-program director at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, “I don’t think any of us even think about it. It’s just so standard as to how you train medical students.”

    What happened when this practice came to light in New Zealand? The chair of the New Zealand Medical Association got on television and said: “‘Until recently it wasn’t an issue…I’m very sorry that women feel they’ve been assaulted and violated in this way. That was never our intention.’ He had no idea then, asked the [TV] presenter, that women might object? ‘All I can say is that there have been no objections…’ ‘Could the reason be,’ asked the interviewer logically, “that it’s very hard for an anesthetized woman to know what’s going on?’”

    The practice has been defended publicly by many medical schools and hospitals, contending “this touching is entirely appropriate and clearly falls well within the patient’s ‘implied consent’ to carry out the operation.” After all, “patients are aware they are entering a teaching hospital and therefore know that trainees will be actively participating in their care.” However, “researchers have found that many patients do not know when they have interacted with medical students, or even whether they are in a teaching hospital.” How can this be? “Deliberate lies and deception.”

    “A survey of medical students found that 100% of them had been introduced to patients as ‘doctor’ by members of the clinical team,” and, as they go through training, there is, as a journal article is titled, an “Erosion in Medical Students’ Attitudes About Telling Patients They Are Students.” “Additionally, as medical students complete their clinical years of training, their sense of responsibility to inform patients that they are students is found to decrease,” especially if there is an opportunity to perform an invasive procedure. That may be why medical students seem to develop a “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy when it comes to seeking consent for pelvic examinations on anesthetized patients. More than a third of 1,600 medical students surveyed across the country strongly disagreed with the statement “Hospitals should obtain explicit permission for student involvement in pelvic exams,” as seen below and at 4:03 of my video Medical Students Practice Pelvic Exams on Anesthetized Women Without Their Consent.

    After all, doctors “argue that performing a pelvic examination is no more intimate than placing one’s hands inside an abdomen during general surgery or attempting to intubate a patient” and assert that sticking your fingers in a woman’s vagina is “just as intimate” as an ophthalmologist looking into the back of your eye; any claim to the contrary is just “another attempt to justify the obsession with political correctness.” Said one medical school professor, “Personally, I would prefer to see a new generation of well-trained doctors…rather than a nation of women whose vaginas are protected from battery by medical students.”

    The national survey concluded: “Patients admitted to teaching hospitals do not, however, by the mere act of admission relinquish their rights as human beings to have ultimate control over their own body and to be involved in decisions concerning their health care.”

    Is it possible that women just don’t care? Studies show that up to 100% of women asked said they would want to know that vaginal exams were being performed by medical students. Since patients care deeply about being asked, why can’t we at least ask their permission? “We can’t ask women,” the medical school faculty replied. “If we do, they might say no.”

    It’s jaw-dropping to me that I’m still trying to expose this practice more than 20 years after I first wrote about it. What’s to be done? Ending the Hidden Practice of Pelvic Exams on Unconscious Women Without Their Consent



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  • The Importance of Acadia Healthcare’s Partnerships With Healthcare Organizations

    The Importance of Acadia Healthcare’s Partnerships With Healthcare Organizations

    Although approximately 60 million Americans are experiencing behavioral health issues, the gap between need for behavioral health services and available treatment remains substantial.

    To address this treatment gap, Acadia Healthcare has developed a collaborative model built on partnerships with established healthcare systems across the country. These partnerships aim to expand access to specialized behavioral healthcare while maintaining clinical quality standards.

    Joint Venture Model

    Acadia Healthcare maintains equity partnerships with 21 healthcare systems that operate 22 behavioral health hospitals nationwide.

    Recent examples of Acadia’s affiliated network include partnerships with Intermountain Health in Westminster, Colorado, and Henry Ford Health in West Bloomfield, Michigan. The Intermountain Health partnership created West Pines Behavioral Health, a 144-bed facility, while the Henry Ford Health joint venture established a 192-bed hospital that became operational in early 2025. During the first quarter of 2025 alone, Acadia’s affiliated network added 378 new beds through both joint ventures and expansion of existing facilities.

    Acadia’s affiliated network now includes 260 facilities nationwide and added seven new comprehensive treatment centers during the first quarter of 2025, extending the company’s market reach to 170 locations across over 30 states. Additional recent openings include a de novo facility in Northport, Florida, which began operations in the first quarter of 2025.

    These joint ventures can help medical health systems meet population needs that their existing infrastructure often cannot address. For patients needing specialized mental health treatment, such as children and adolescents with complex conditions, the partnerships can create dedicated spaces that free capacity for medical patients in general hospitals.

    Breaking Barriers to Behavioral Care

    The National Council for Mental Wellbeing has highlighted significant barriers to behavioral health treatment. In a recent survey, they found that people who need mental health and substance use treatment face numerous obstacles, with cost-related issues, inability to find conveniently located providers, and difficulty getting immediate appointments cited as primary barriers.

    A study by the American Psychological Association found that 90% of the public believes there is a mental health crisis in the United States today. When Americans who felt they needed mental health services were asked about specific barriers to accessing care, 80% cited cost and more than 60% cited shame and stigma as the main obstacles. At the same time, 60% of psychologists surveyed reported no openings for patients.

    The partnership model that Acadia Healthcare has developed is aimed at addressing these structural barriers through collaborative approaches. Through combining the specialized behavioral health expertise of Acadia Healthcare with the established community presence and broader healthcare capabilities of its network affiliates, these partnerships can create more integrated care pathways.

    A 2024 American Health Law Association review of behavioral health mergers and acquisitions found that joint venture partnerships have become increasingly important in the mental health sector because they help traditional nonprofit health systems operate more efficiently while meeting the high demand for behavioral health services.

    The clinical advantages of these partnerships extend beyond increasing access. A study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that integrating behavioral health providers into broader healthcare teams “can enhance provider responsiveness to patients with complex clinical presentations and improve patient/family outcomes and satisfaction.” This integration can create opportunities for interdisciplinary cross-training, with behavioral health specialists sharing knowledge with primary care colleagues about early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health concerns.

    This knowledge sharing can improve treatment approaches for patients with complex needs who might otherwise cycle through emergency departments without receiving appropriate mental healthcare.

    Serving Areas in Need

    According to a 2022 report from ABC News analyzing Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data, “75% of rural counties across the country have no mental health providers or fewer than 50 per 100,000 people” and there are “570 counties in the United States [that] have no providers”.”

    The Research and Action Institute found that “among nonmetropolitan counties, 65% had no practicing psychiatrist as compared with 27% of metropolitan counties.”

    Acadia Healthcare’s joint venture with East Carolina University to build a 144-bed behavioral health hospital in Greenville, North Carolina exemplifies how these partnerships can address regional gaps in care. North Carolina, like many states with large rural populations, has struggled with behavioral health access issues. North Carolina ranked 34th out of all states for adults with a mental illness who did not receive treatment (56.5%), according to Mental Health America.

    By collaborating with an established healthcare system that already serves the community, Acadia’s affiliated network can introduce specialized behavioral healthcare and increase the availability of care options.

    Technology integration is another significant benefit of these partnerships. While behavioral healthcare has historically lagged in technology adoption compared to other medical specialties, joint ventures can enable faster implementation of electronic medical records and other digital health tools.

    As Acadia’s Chief Medical Officer Dr. Stephanie Eken and Chief Quality Officer Dr. Navdeep Kang noted in a recent article, “The explicit exclusion of behavioral health facilities from the HITECH Act prevented incentives to adopt electronic medical records… and other technology advancements at inpatient psychiatric facilities.”

    But through partnerships with hospital systems that already have advanced EMR capabilities, Acadia Healthcare and its network of affiliates can accelerate technology adoption in behavioral health settings. This can improve clinical documentation and care coordination and can enable better measurement of outcomes — a critical factor in demonstrating the value of behavioral health interventions to payers and policy makers.

    Broader Impacts

    The impact of these partnerships extends beyond the participating organizations to benefit entire healthcare systems. Untreated mental health and substance use disorders can have significant downstream impacts on the healthcare system through increased emergency department utilization, higher rates of medical complications, and reduced workplace productivity. According to a 2019 Rand Corporation study evaluating the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Primary and Behavioral Health Care Integration program, integrated care approaches that combine physical and behavioral healthcare can reduce total healthcare costs by 5% to 10% through earlier intervention and more appropriate treatment matching.

    Acadia’s network partnership model can help address workforce challenges plaguing behavioral healthcare. With shortages of psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health professionals nationwide, Acadia’s joint ventures with healthcare systems can create more attractive practice environments that can help with recruitment and retention of specialized staff. These collaborative arrangements can enable shared staffing models, training opportunities, and career advancement pathways that might not be feasible in standalone facilities.

    From a public health perspective, these partnerships can assist in normalizing mental healthcare as a fundamental component of overall health. By physically locating behavioral health facilities on or near general hospital campuses and integrating clinical protocols, these joint ventures can reduce stigma associated with seeking mental health treatment. This proximity can send a message that mental healthcare deserves the same attention and resources as other medical specialties.

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