Health Journal Online

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  • Taking Advantage of Sensory-Specific Satiety 

    Taking Advantage of Sensory-Specific Satiety 

    How can we use sensory-specific satiety to our advantage?

    When we eat the same foods over and over, we become habituated to them and end up liking them less. That’s why the “10th bite of chocolate, for example, is desired less than the first bite.” We have a built-in biological drive to keep changing up our foods so we’ll be more likely to hit all our nutritional requirements. The drive is so powerful that even “imagined consumption reduces actual consumption.” When study participants imagined again and again that they were eating cheese and were then given actual cheese, they ate less of it than those who repeatedly imagined eating that food fewer times, imagined eating a different food (such as candy), or did not imagine eating the food at all.

    Ironically, habituation may be one of the reasons fad “mono diets,” like the cabbage soup diet, the oatmeal diet, or meal replacement shakes, can actually result in better adherence and lower hunger ratings compared to less restrictive diets.

    In the landmark study “A Satiety Index of Common Foods,” in which dozens of foods were put to the test, boiled potatoes were found to be the most satiating food. Two hundred and forty calories of boiled potatoes were found to be more satisfying in terms of quelling hunger than the same number of calories of any other food tested. In fact, no other food even came close, as you can see below and at 1:14 in my video Exploiting Sensory-Specific Satiety for Weight Loss.

    No doubt the low calorie density of potatoes plays a role. In order to consume 240 calories, nearly one pound of potatoes must be eaten, compared to just a few cookies, and even more apples, grapes, and oranges must be consumed. Each fruit was about 40 percent less satiating than potatoes, though, as shown here and at 1:45 in my video. So, an all-potato diet would probably take the gold—the Yukon gold—for the most bland, monotonous, and satiating diet.

    A mono diet, where only one food is eaten, is the poster child for unsustainability—and thank goodness for that. Over time, they can lead to serious nutrient deficiencies, such as blindness from vitamin A deficiency in the case of white potatoes.

    The satiating power of potatoes can still be brought to bear, though. Boiled potatoes beat out rice and pasta in terms of a satiating side dish, cutting as many as about 200 calories of intake off a meal. Compared to boiled and mashed potatoes, fried french fries or even baked fries do not appear to have the same satiating impact.

    To exploit habituation for weight loss while maintaining nutrient abundance, we could limit the variety of unhealthy foods we eat while expanding the variety of healthy foods. In that way, we can simultaneously take advantage of the appetite-suppressing effects of monotony while diversifying our fruit and vegetable portfolio. Studies have shown that a greater variety of calorie-dense foods, like sweets and snacks, is associated with excess body fat, but a greater variety of vegetables appears protective. When presented with a greater variety of fruit, offered a greater variety of vegetables, or given a greater variety of vegetable seasonings, people may consume a greater quantity, crowding out less healthy options.

    The first 20 years of the official Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommended generally eating “a variety of foods.” In the new millennium, they started getting more precise, specifying a diversity of healthier foods, as seen below and at 3:30 in my video. 

    A pair of Harvard and New York University dietitians concluded in their paper “Dietary Variety: An Overlooked Strategy for Obesity and Chronic Disease Control”: “Choose and prepare a greater variety of plant-based foods,” recognizing that a greater variety of less healthy options could be counterproductive.

    So, how can we respond to industry attempts to lure us into temptation by turning our natural biological drives against us? Should we never eat really delicious food? No, but it may help to recognize the effects hyperpalatable foods can have on hijacking our appetites and undermining our body’s better judgment. We can also use some of those same primitive impulses to our advantage by minimizing our choices of the bad and diversifying our choices of the good. In How Not to Diet, I call this “Meatball Monotony and Veggie Variety.” Try picking out a new fruit or vegetable every time you shop.

    In my own family’s home, we always have a wide array of healthy snacks on hand to entice the finickiest of tastes. The contrasting collage of colors and shapes in fruit baskets and vegetable platters beat out boring bowls of a single fruit because they make you want to mix it up and try a little of each. And with different healthy dipping sauces, the possibilities are endless.



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  • Ketamine Is Saving Lives In Critical Moments

    Ketamine Is Saving Lives In Critical Moments

    Every 40 seconds, someone in the world dies by suicide.

    Sons, daughters, parents, friends, neighbors. All people who believed there was no way out. Each one leaves behind grieving family, friends, and communities asking what more could have been done to save them.

    For decades, the best available treatments for depression and suicidal thoughts have been too slow. Ketamine infusions can work within hours.

    For a person in a suicidal state, that speed can mean the difference between life and death.

    “Suicidal thoughts are urgent and life-threatening,” says Dr. Benjamin Shapiro, psychiatrist at Serenity Mental Health Centers. “For too long, we’ve asked people in crisis to wait for traditional treatments to work. Ketamine changes that and it gives us the ability to act immediately and save lives.”

    Behind Ketamine’s Fast Action

    Ketamine, originally developed as an anesthetic, has emerged as a rapid-acting treatment for depression and suicidal ideation.

    Unlike traditional antidepressants, which target serotonin pathways and can take weeks, ketamine works on the glutamate system to rapidly “reset” brain circuits linked to mood, motivation, and suicidal thinking.

    Key facts about ketamine in suicide prevention:

    • Many patients report relief within hours of treatment, sometimes the same day.
    • With repeated treatment, relief can last weeks to months, providing critical time for longer-term therapy.
    • Ketamine encourages the brain to form new connections, helping patients recover patterns of thinking and feeling that support hope and stability.

    “We’ve seen patients arrive feeling hopeless and ready to end their lives. Within hours of ketamine, their symptoms subside,” said Dr. Shapiro. “It’s a critical treatment that buys time for necessary recovery.”

    At Serenity Mental Health Centers, ketamine is administered in a safe and supervised environment, with close monitoring and individualized treatment plans.

    Real Relief: Charles’ Story

    “I had difficulty motivating myself to get out of bed most days, and everywhere I went, I encountered conflict with those around me,” said Charles, a Serenity Mental Health Centers patient.

    Charles had battled severe Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, depression, anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for most of his life.

    Over the years, he tried countless medications and worked with multiple providers, but nothing seemed to bring real relief. Instead, the side effects piled up while his symptoms stayed the same or got worse. He then attempted to take his own life.

    Everything changed when Charles came to Serenity Mental Health Centers and began ketamine infusion therapy. After his second treatment, he noticed a dramatic difference.

    It wasn’t just a lift in his mood. For the first time in a long time, Charles could function daily, find motivation, and connect with his loved ones again.

    Charles now looks to the future with hope. Ketamine therapy gave him back the ability to live, not just survive.

    “When someone like Charles has battled their mental health for years with no relief, it can feel like there’s no way forward,” says Dr. Benjamin Shapiro. “Ketamine gave him a breakthrough, and more people deserve access to this treatment.”

    Taking Action

    Charles’ story is a powerful reminder that help is possible. Ketamine is a lifeline for those in crisis, offering rapid relief when every second matters.

    If you or someone you love is struggling with suicidal thoughts or severe depression, don’t wait. Immediate help can save a life.

    Reach out to a provider trained in ketamine therapy, like those at Serenity Mental Health Centers.

    Your life and your future matter. Call 844-310-1667 to take the first step toward recovery today.

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  • Bile Duct Diseases – Harvard Health

    Bile Duct Diseases – Harvard Health

    What is a bile duct disease?

    Your gallbladder stores bile until you eat, then releases bile into your small intestine to help digest food. Bile is made in the liver. It contains a mix of products such as bilirubin, cholesterol, and bile acids and salts. Bile ducts are drainage “pipes” that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and from the gallbladder to the small intestine.

    A variety of diseases can affect your bile ducts. All impede the normal flow through bile ducts in some way, which is why the various diseases tend to cause similar symptoms.

    Gallstones are the most common cause of blocked bile ducts. Stones typically form inside the gallbladder and can block the common bile duct, the drainpipe at the base of the liver. If the duct remains blocked, bilirubin backs up and enters the bloodstream. If bacteria accumulate above the blockage and back up into the liver, it may cause a severe infection called ascending cholangitis. If a gallstone stops in between the gallbladder and the common bile duct, an infection called cholecystitis may occur.

    A medical illustration of where in the body gallstones form.

    Less common causes of blockages include cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma) and strictures (scars that narrow the ducts after infection, surgery, or inflammation).

    Other bile duct diseases are uncommon, and include primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis (formerly called primary biliary cirrhosis). Typically diagnosed in mid-adulthood, these conditions create ongoing inflammation in the bile duct walls, which can narrow and scar the walls. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is more common in people with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease). Primary biliary cholangitis is more common in women. It is sometimes associated with autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren’s syndrome, thyroiditis, scleroderma, or rheumatoid arthritis.

    Biliary atresia is a rare form of bile duct blockage that occurs in some infants two weeks to six weeks after birth, a time when the bile ducts have not completed their development normally.

    The chronic conditions of primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and biliary atresia can result in inflammation and scarring of the liver, a condition known as cirrhosis.

    Symptoms of a bile duct disease

    Symptoms of a blocked bile duct may be abrupt and severe (for example, when a gallstone blocks the whole drainage system all at once), or they may appear slowly many years after bile duct inflammation started. Bile duct diseases often cause symptoms related to liver products backing up and leaking into the bloodstream. Other symptoms result from the bile ducts’ failure to deliver certain digestive juices (bile salts) to the intestines, preventing the absorption of some fats and vitamins. Symptoms of a blocked bile duct include

    • yellowing of the skin (jaundice) or eyes (icterus), from the buildup of a waste product called bilirubin
    • itching (not limited to one area; may be worse at night or in warm weather)
    • light brown urine
    • fatigue
    • weight loss
    • fever or night sweats
    • abdominal pain, especially common on the right side under the rib cage
    • greasy or clay-colored stools
    • diminished appetite.

    Diagnosing a bile duct disease

    Your doctor may suspect that you have a bile duct problem if you have any of the classic symptoms or if a blood test shows that you have a high level of bilirubin. Your doctor will take your medical history and examine you to look for clues that could explain damage to the bile ducts and liver. Because liver inflammation (hepatitis) and liver scarring (cirrhosis) can cause similar symptoms, your doctor will ask about your alcohol use, drug use, and sexual practices, all of which can result in liver disease.

    If you have gallstones, have had pancreatitis or abdominal surgery, or have symptoms of an autoimmune condition (such as arthritis pain, dry mouth or eyes, skin rashes, or bloody diarrhea), tell your doctor. Because some medicines can slow drainage through the bile ducts, your medicines should be reviewed.

    You will need blood tests to measure your levels of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and/or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). These are markers of bile duct obstruction. Other blood tests may suggest liver inflammation or cirrhosis. Occasionally, specialized blood tests may be helpful, such as antibody tests to diagnose primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. A blood test with a high level of CA 19-9 may suggest a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.

    If your doctor suspects a bile duct problem, additional tests will depend on the suspected cause of the disease. Commonly used tests include:

    • Right upper quadrant ultrasound. This provides pictures of the liver, gallbladder, and common bile duct. For example, it can show enlargement of the ducts above a blockage.
    • Computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the liver.
    • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), an examination in which a small camera on a flexible cord is inserted through your mouth and down past your stomach to the opening where the common bile duct empties into your stomach. A dye can be injected into the common bile duct that will appear on x-rays. How the bile ducts look on the x-rays can provide clues to the problem. Sample cells from the bile duct walls can be examined under a microscope for evidence of cancer. Treatments to relieve blockages can be performed during this examination.
    • Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, an examination similar to the endoscopic exam above. The advantage: MRI images can be obtained without passing an endoscope into the stomach. The disadvantage of this test is that tissue for a biopsy (laboratory examination) cannot be obtained.
    • Cholangiography (x-rays of the bile ducts), which can also be done after dye is injected into the liver. This enables doctors to watch the flow of bile as it drains from the liver. Tissue for biopsy can be obtained during this procedure, and any blockages or narrowing can be relieved.
    • A liver biopsy sample, obtained using a needle through the skin. The tissue is examined for evidence of inflammation or cancer.

    If you have a chronic form of bile duct disease, your doctor may check you for cholesterol abnormalities or osteoporosis. Both of these conditions are more common in someone with longstanding bile duct drainage abnormalities.

    Expected duration of a bile duct disease

    To treat a gallstone blockage and infection (cholecystitis), doctors first prescribe antibiotics. After the infection subsides, a surgeon removes the gallbladder.

    Symptoms caused by a scar (stricture) may improve rapidly after treatment restores the duct’s drainage.

    Symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are long-lasting diseases. They may steadily get worse and lead to cirrhosis and liver failure after years of damage. When liver failure develops, a liver transplant can improve survival. However, primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis can return after transplant.

    Preventing a bile duct disease

    If you are overweight or have high cholesterol, you are at higher risk of developing gallstones. To avoid trouble, work toward a healthy weight through diet and exercise. Also, a near-starvation diet aimed at rapid weight loss can also result in gallstone formation.

    Although cholangiocarcinoma is uncommon, smoking appears to increase the risk.

    Certain parasite infections (Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, also known as Chinese liver fluke) are associated with a higher risk of bile duct diseases. If you travel to Southeast Asia, eat fish only if it is well cooked. If you do eat undercooked fish while traveling in this area, ask your doctor for a stool parasite test, especially if you have symptoms of weight loss or diarrhea.

    Treating a bile duct disease

    To treat a gallstone blockage accompanied by signs of persistent pain or infection, a gastroenterologist or surgeon can remove stones in the bile duct using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The endoscope cuts through the base of the common bile duct, allowing a stone to pass through. In some cases the endoscopist may insert various devices into the bile duct to extract the stone. This same procedure can widen an area of scarred bile duct (a stricture) by inserting and expanding a wire coil (called a stent) within the duct. Doctors generally recommend that anyone with a persistent or recurrent bile duct blockage from a gallstone have his or her gallbladder removed.

    Ascending cholangitis caused by a bacterial infection requires hospitalization and intensive intravenous antibiotic therapy. If there is any blockage in the common bile duct, it needs to be cleared promptly by ERCP or other surgical procedure.

    It’s rare to find bile duct cancer early, but if it is found early, it can be treated with surgery. When cancer is more advanced, surgery cannot totally remove the tumor. Surgical procedures can help cancer patients feel better, even if they cannot provide a cure. Surgery can reroute the bile duct to allow better drainage. Radiation treatments can help to shrink, but not cure, a bile duct tumor.

    Biliary atresia, the failure to develop normal bile ducts in infants, can be treated by surgery. One method uses a portion of the baby’s intestines to substitute for missing segments of the bile duct. Another method requires rerouting the bile drainage and additional intestinal surgery. However, most babies with this condition continue to have inflammation due to poor drainage, and eventually develop scarring (cirrhosis) and require a liver transplant.

    Because both primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis can cause severe liver failure, a liver transplant may be needed for long-term survival. Treatment may reduce symptoms or delay the progression of the disease. In primary biliary cholangitis, the medicine used most often is ursodiol (Actigall).

    The most bothersome symptom in chronic bile duct disease, itching, can be reduced with medicine — cholestyramine (Questran) or colestipol (Colestid) — that prevents irritants in the gut from being absorbed. Another medicine, naloxone, might neutralize irritants that cause itching. If greasy stools are a problem, a low-fat diet may be helpful. Doctors recommend multivitamin supplements to improve nutrition.

    When to call a professional

    If you develop yellowing of the skin or eyes, contact your doctor. If you also have fever or abdominal pain, call for professional advice immediately.

    Prognosis

    Infections related to gallstone blockage have excellent results when treated. Even the most severe infection, ascending cholangitis, has a low death rate if treated promptly.

    The prognosis for primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis has improved with better medical treatment and the potential for liver transplantation.

    The prognosis for people with cholangiocarcinoma is better if the cancer is discovered while it is still confined to the duct. It can then be treated surgically. Once the cancer has spread, the survival rate is much lower.

    Additional info

    American Liver Foundation

    https:/liverfoundation.org/

    National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)

    https://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/

    American Gastroenterological Association

    https://www.gastro.org/

    American College of Gastroenterology (ACG)

    https://gi.org/

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  • A Meditation for Finding Safety in the Body

    A Meditation for Finding Safety in the Body

    This week, mindfulness teacher and recovery coach Emily Jane guides a grounding practice to find safety in our bodies when trauma, fear, or anxiety are pulling us to escape from or numb our discomfort.

    When we are living with a lot of stress or recovering from trauma or addiction, we can find ourselves living in a fight-flight-freeze state, where we feel either disconnected from or unsafe in our bodies. It’s hard to remember, In this moment, I am safe. This practice is designed to gently cultivate a sense of safety and then create a kinesthetic anchor (rooted in awareness of how our body is moving) to start building a felt sense of security that your body can remember.

    A Meditation for Finding Safety in the Body

    Read and practice the guided meditation script below, pausing after each paragraph. Or listen to the audio practice.

    1. Begin by finding a comfortable position. You can sit down, lie down, let your body be your guide, and see what feels most supportive for you in this moment.
    2. When you’ve settled into your chosen position, close your eyes or lower your gaze. Notice how your body connects with the surface beneath you, and take a few moments to really feel into that sense of support and grounding. Bring your awareness to your breath and simply notice the natural rhythm of the breath.
    3. Noticing without judgment, just let the breath be exactly as it is. Soften the muscles in your forehead, relax the jaw and allow your shoulders to gently drop down. Now let’s take a couple of deeper breaths. Take a deep breath in through the nose, inhaling from the belly. Then extending that exhale with a long sigh. Just bring in a sense of ease and softening into the body. When we take deep conscious breaths like this, it’s like we are giving a signal of safety to our nervous system. Take one more breath like this, inhaling from the belly and exhaling with a sense of letting go.

    When we take deep conscious breaths like this, it’s like we are giving a signal of safety to our nervous system.

    1. Now start gently scanning through your body. As you do, notice any areas of tension or parts that might feel a bit more heavy, uncomfortable, activated, or even in physical pain. Note what you’re feeling with a curious and compassionate awareness. Then take a deep breath and send the breath into that area. Maybe you notice this provides a sense of ease or spaciousness around this part. Or maybe you don’t. Whatever you’re feeling is okay. There’s no right or wrong experience here. 
    2. Continue with your scanning awareness. Explore if there is a part of your body that feels safe, more at ease or calm. And if those words don’t resonate for you, feel free to choose one that does. Maybe you just find that there is a part of your body that feels more neutral and less activated. Gently explore where that is in the body—it could be in your chest, your hands, your belly, your feet. Feel what that sensation feels like.
    3. Bring your full attention to that place. Notice its qualities. Does it have a color, shape, or texture? Allow yourself to really attune to this part of the body. Lean into that sense of safety, ease, calm, or neutrality. 
    4. Next, expand your awareness to the rest of the body. Maybe you notice there is still some discomfort or tension in these other areas. And if there is, notice the contrast, holding both the tension and the sense of safety in your awareness. Then bring your full attention back to that sensation of safety. Noticing the qualities. Take a deep breath into this sensation. As you inhale, let it expand. And with your exhale, allow it to flow into the rest of your body. Invite this sensation to expand, to magnify through the whole of your body. Notice what that feels like to rest with this or in this.
    5. Now place one hand on your heart and the other on your belly. Apply just the right amount of pressure that feels supportive for you. This is an anchor, a somatic cue your body can remember. The more you return to this meditation, the more your body will associate this touch with safety. Let’s take two final deep breaths, breathing in a sense of safety, calm, and ease. On the exhale, breathing it out into the space around you. Breathing in safety, calm, ease; breathing out safety, calm, ease.

    This is an anchor, a somatic cue your body can remember. The more you return to this meditation, the more your body will associate this touch with safety.

    1. If you are now feeling more regulated at ease and safe in your body, acknowledge this. Also acknowledge that you have the power to consciously regulate your nervous system. If there has been no change, that is okay. You didn’t do anything wrong, and sometimes establishing safety just takes practice and time. The best attitude we can have when working with our nervous system is one of acceptance and non-resistance. 
    2. When you feel ready, you can gently open your eyes. Thank you so much for taking the time to do this meditation with me. May the rest of your day carry the same sense of safety, ease, and calm.



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  • The Power of Prioritization: How to Maximize Your Productivity with a Simple System

    The Power of Prioritization: How to Maximize Your Productivity with a Simple System

    Introduction to Prioritization

    In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy to get overwhelmed by the numerous tasks and responsibilities that compete for our attention. With the constant barrage of notifications, emails, and meetings, it’s no wonder that many of us struggle to stay productive and focused. However, there is a simple yet powerful solution that can help you achieve your goals and maximize your productivity: prioritization. Prioritization is the process of identifying and managing your tasks in order of their importance and urgency, allowing you to allocate your time and resources more effectively. In this article, we’ll explore the power of prioritization, how to create a simple system, and provide tips and strategies for implementing it in your daily life.

    Understanding the Importance of Prioritization

    Prioritization is essential for achieving success in both personal and professional settings. By prioritizing your tasks, you can ensure that you’re focusing on the most critical and high-impact activities that drive results. This, in turn, can lead to increased productivity, reduced stress, and improved work-life balance. When you prioritize your tasks, you’re able to:

    • Manage your time more effectively

    • Reduce procrastination and distractions

    • Increase your sense of control and accomplishment

    • Improve your decision-making skills

    • Enhance your overall well-being

    Creating a Simple Prioritization System

    Creating a prioritization system is easier than you think. Here are the steps to follow:

    1. Start by making a list: Write down all the tasks, projects, and responsibilities that you need to complete.

    2. Categorize your tasks: Group your tasks into categories, such as work, personal, or family-related.

    3. Identify your goals: Determine what you want to achieve in each category.

    4. Assign priorities: Label each task with a priority level, such as high, medium, or low.

    5. Use the Eisenhower Matrix: This decision-making tool helps you prioritize tasks based on their urgency and importance.

    Using the Eisenhower Matrix

    The Eisenhower Matrix is a simple yet powerful tool that helps you prioritize tasks based on their urgency and importance. The matrix consists of four quadrants:

    • Urgent and important: Tasks that are both urgent and important should be your top priority. Examples include deadlines, emergencies, or critical problems that need to be solved.

    • Important but not urgent: Tasks that are important but not urgent should be scheduled and planned for. Examples include long-term projects, planning, or relationship-building.

    • Urgent but not important: Tasks that are urgent but not important should be delegated or automated. Examples include interruptions, emails, or meetings that can be handled by others.

    • Not urgent or important: Tasks that are neither urgent nor important should be eliminated or minimized. Examples include busywork, time wasters, or distractions.

    Implementing Your Prioritization System

    Now that you have a prioritization system in place, it’s time to implement it. Here are some tips and strategies to help you stay on track:

    • Start your day with a plan: Begin each day by reviewing your priorities and making a plan of action.

    • Focus on one task at a time: Avoid multitasking and focus on one task at a time to ensure you’re giving it your undivided attention.

    • Use a timer: Set a timer for a specific amount of time, say 25 minutes, and work on your task without any interruptions or distractions.

    • Take breaks: Take regular breaks to recharge and avoid burnout.

    • Review and adjust: Regularly review your priorities and adjust your system as needed.

    Overcoming Common Challenges

    While prioritization is a simple concept, it can be challenging to implement and maintain. Here are some common challenges you may face and how to overcome them:

    • Procrastination: Break down large tasks into smaller, manageable chunks, and use the Pomodoro Technique to stay focused.

    • Distractions: Eliminate or minimize distractions, such as turning off notifications or finding a quiet workspace.

    • Perfectionism: Recognize that perfection is not always necessary, and focus on making progress rather than achieving perfection.

    • Lack of motivation: Identify your why, and remind yourself of your goals and priorities to stay motivated.

    Prioritization in Different Areas of Life

    Prioritization is not limited to work or personal projects. It can be applied to various areas of life, including:

    • Relationships: Prioritize time with loved ones, and schedule regular check-ins or activities.

    • Health and wellness: Prioritize self-care, exercise, and healthy habits to maintain your physical and mental well-being.

    • Finances: Prioritize budgeting, saving, and investing to achieve financial stability and security.

    • Personal growth: Prioritize learning, self-improvement, and personal development to achieve your goals and aspirations.

    Conclusion

    Prioritization is a powerful tool that can help you maximize your productivity, reduce stress, and achieve your goals. By creating a simple system, using the Eisenhower Matrix, and implementing your priorities, you can take control of your time and energy. Remember to review and adjust your system regularly, and don’t be afraid to overcome common challenges and obstacles. By prioritizing your tasks and activities, you can achieve a better work-life balance, improve your relationships, and enhance your overall well-being.

    FAQs

    Q: What is prioritization, and why is it important?
    A: Prioritization is the process of identifying and managing your tasks in order of their importance and urgency. It’s essential for achieving success, reducing stress, and improving work-life balance.
    Q: How do I create a prioritization system?
    A: Start by making a list of your tasks, categorizing them, identifying your goals, assigning priorities, and using the Eisenhower Matrix.
    Q: What is the Eisenhower Matrix, and how does it work?
    A: The Eisenhower Matrix is a decision-making tool that helps you prioritize tasks based on their urgency and importance. It consists of four quadrants: urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, and not urgent or important.
    Q: How can I overcome common challenges, such as procrastination and distractions?
    A: Break down large tasks into smaller chunks, use the Pomodoro Technique, eliminate or minimize distractions, and recognize that perfection is not always necessary.
    Q: Can prioritization be applied to different areas of life, such as relationships and finances?
    A: Yes, prioritization can be applied to various areas of life, including relationships, health and wellness, finances, and personal growth.

  • New Study Links COVID-19 to Accelerated Blood Vessel Aging, Particularly in Women

    New Study Links COVID-19 to Accelerated Blood Vessel Aging, Particularly in Women

    The latest research showed that coronavirus infection may accelerate the aging of blood vessels, potentially increasing cardiovascular risk by roughly the equivalent of five years. A study in the European Heart Journal reported that the effect was strongest in women and in people with Long Covid, and that the changes tended to stabilize or lessen over time.

    Researchers analyzed data from 2,390 participants recruited between September 2020 and February 2022 at 34 centers in 16 countries, including Austria, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Turkey, the UK, and the US. Participants were grouped by COVID-19 severity (never infected, mild illness, hospitalized on a ward, or admitted to intensive care), and underwent measurements at six and twelve months after infection. Vascular age was assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), where higher values indicate stiffer, older vessels. Analyses accounted for factors such as age and sex.

    On average, people who had COVID-19 had higher PWV than those never infected, including those with mild illness. The differences were pronounced in women, while men showed little or no statistically robust change. The effect was greater in those with Long Covid. In the intensive care group, vessel stiffness regressed toward normal by 12 months. Vaccinated individuals showed milder changes than those unvaccinated. Researchers noted that an increase of about 0.5 m/s in PWV is clinically relevant and roughly comparable to five years of vascular aging, corresponding to an estimated 3% increase in cardiovascular risk in a 60-year-old woman.

    “We know that Covid can directly affect blood vessels. We believe that this may result in what we call early vascular ageing, meaning that your blood vessels are older than your chronological age and you are more susceptible to heart disease. If that is happening, we need to identify who is at risk at an early stage to prevent heart attacks and strokes,” said Professor Rosa Maria Bruno of Université Paris Cité, according to EurekAlert. “Women have a faster and stronger immune response, which can protect them from infections. However, the same response may also increase vascular damage after the original infection,” said Bruno, according to EurekAlert. “There are several possible explanations for the vascular effects of Covid. The Covid-19 virus acts on specific receptors in the body, called the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, that are present on the lining of the blood vessels. The virus uses these receptors to enter and infect cells. This may result in vascular dysfunction and accelerated vascular ageing. Our body’s inflammation and immune responses, which defend against infections, may be also involved,” said Bruno, according to EurekAlert.

    “This large, multicentre, prospective cohort study enrolled 2390 participants from 34 centres to investigate whether arterial stiffness, as measured by PWV, persisted in individuals with recent COVID-19 infection,” said Dr. Behnood Bikdeli and colleagues, according to EurekAlert. “Sex-stratified analyses revealed striking differences: females across all COVID-19-positive groups had significantly elevated PWV, with the highest increase (+1.09 m/s) observed in those requiring ICU admission,” said Bikdeli and colleagues, according to EurekAlert. “The CARTESIAN study makes the case that COVID-19 has aged our arteries, especially for female adults. The question is whether we can find modifiable targets to prevent this in future surges of infection, and mitigate adverse outcomes in those afflicted with COVID-19-induced vascular ageing,” said Bikdeli and colleagues, according to EurekAlert. Bruno added that vascular aging is measurable and can be addressed with lifestyle changes and blood pressure- and cholesterol-lowering therapies, and that the team planned to follow participants to determine whether accelerated vascular aging translated into more heart attacks and strokes.

    “One must look very closely whether these groups were really equal to say whether the cause of this acceleration of aging lay in COVID,” said Dominik Rath, a cardiologist at University Hospital Tübingen, according to Stern. “After the 12-month visit, the aging processes had relatively strongly regressed—what could mean that hospitalization per se or the stay in the intensive care unit also plays a relevant part,” said Rath, according to Stern.

    “Nevertheless, this study is a certain wake-up call,” said Heribert Schunkert, vice president of the German Heart Foundation, according to DW. “It is necessary to check carefully whether these groups were really the same to determine whether the coronavirus was the cause of the accelerated aging,” said Schunkert, according to DW. “Many people were affected by a COVID infection. We wanted to avoid everything to prevent aging. That makes you sit up and take notice,” said Schunkert, according to Bild.

    “The findings strongly suggest that after having COVID, the elasticity of the arteries is clearly worse than usual. It was somewhat surprising that the effect was observed only in women. However, it is difficult to say what the practical risk of arterial stiffness to arterial diseases is,” said Juhani Airaksinen, emeritus professor of cardiology, according to Iltalehti Rakkaus. “Blood pressure should therefore be managed with lifestyle changes and, if necessary, with medications,” said Airaksinen, according to Iltalehti Rakkaus. He noted that infected participants were older and generally sicker than controls and that baseline stiffness was unknown, which could influence results. “A positive aspect is that some changes partially improved within less than a year,” said Airaksinen, according to Iltalehti Rakkaus. He added that pulse wave velocity has been used for decades but is not part of routine outpatient care.

    Researchers cautioned that it was unclear whether the observed effect reflected large changes in a few individuals or small changes across many. They suggested that higher mortality in men during the pandemic could have introduced survivor bias, potentially masking effects in male participants. They also noted that many people experienced prolonged symptoms after COVID-19, including post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, which affected up to 40% of initial survivors, and called for further studies to clarify mechanisms and long-term risks.

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  • Revive and Recharge: Unlocking the Power of Active Recovery Days for Enhanced Fitness

    Revive and Recharge: Unlocking the Power of Active Recovery Days for Enhanced Fitness

    As anyone who’s ever embarked on a fitness journey knows, pushing oneself to new heights is a crucial part of making progress. However, it’s equally important to recognize the value of taking a step back and allowing the body to recover. This is where active recovery days come into play, providing a vital opportunity for individuals to revive and recharge. By incorporating these days into their routine, fitness enthusiasts can unlock a wealth of benefits that can help take their workouts to the next level.

    The Importance of Recovery
    For those who are new to the world of fitness, it can be tempting to assume that the more they work out, the better results they’ll see. And while it’s true that consistent exercise is essential for making progress, it’s equally important to recognize the role that recovery plays in the overall fitness equation. When we engage in physical activity, we’re causing micro-tears in our muscles, which can lead to inflammation and fatigue. If we don’t give our bodies a chance to repair and rebuild, we can end up doing more harm than good.

    This is where active recovery days come in – days where individuals can engage in low-intensity activities that promote blood flow and help to reduce muscle soreness, without putting too much strain on the body. By incorporating these days into their routine, fitness enthusiasts can help their bodies to recover more efficiently, which can lead to improved performance and reduced risk of injury. Whether it’s a leisurely bike ride, a yoga class, or a simple walk in the park, active recovery days provide a much-needed break from the intensity of regular workouts.

    Revive and Recharge: The Benefits of Active Recovery
    So, what exactly can individuals expect to gain from incorporating active recovery days into their routine? For starters, these days can help to reduce muscle soreness and improve overall recovery time. By engaging in low-intensity activities, individuals can promote blood flow to the affected areas, which can help to reduce inflammation and repair damaged tissues. This can be especially beneficial for those who are new to exercise, or who are trying to increase the intensity of their workouts.

    In addition to reducing muscle soreness, active recovery days can also help to improve cardiovascular health. Activities like cycling, swimming, and walking can help to improve circulation, which can reduce blood pressure and improve overall heart health. This can be especially beneficial for individuals who are at risk for heart disease, or who are looking to improve their overall health and wellbeing.

    Unlocking the Power of Active Recovery
    So, how can individuals unlock the power of active recovery and start seeing the benefits for themselves? The first step is to start incorporating active recovery days into their routine. This can be as simple as setting aside one or two days per week for low-intensity activities, or as involved as creating a comprehensive recovery plan that includes activities like foam rolling, stretching, and self-myofascial release.

    When it comes to choosing the right activities for active recovery, there are a few things to keep in mind. First and foremost, it’s essential to opt for activities that are low-impact and don’t put too much strain on the body. This can include things like yoga, cycling, or swimming, which are all easy on the joints and can help to promote blood flow without causing excessive strain.

    In addition to choosing the right activities, it’s also essential to listen to the body and honor its needs. This means paying attention to signs of fatigue and taking rest days as needed. It’s also important to stay hydrated and fuel the body with nutrient-dense foods, which can help to support the recovery process.

    Creating a Comprehensive Recovery Plan
    For those who are looking to take their recovery to the next level, creating a comprehensive recovery plan can be a great place to start. This can include activities like foam rolling, stretching, and self-myofascial release, which can help to reduce muscle soreness and improve flexibility.

    When it comes to foam rolling, the key is to focus on areas that are feeling tight or sore. This can include the IT band, the quadriceps, and the hamstrings, which are all common areas of tension. By using a foam roller to apply pressure to these areas, individuals can help to reduce inflammation and promote blood flow, which can aid in the recovery process.

    In addition to foam rolling, stretching and self-myofascial release can also be beneficial for active recovery. These activities can help to improve flexibility and reduce muscle soreness, which can make it easier to get back to regular workouts. By incorporating these activities into their routine, individuals can help to support the recovery process and improve overall fitness.

    Revive, Recharge, and Repeat
    As individuals start to incorporate active recovery days into their routine, they may be surprised at the benefits they start to see. From reduced muscle soreness to improved cardiovascular health, the advantages of active recovery are numerous. By prioritizing recovery and making it a part of their overall fitness routine, individuals can unlock a wealth of benefits that can help take their workouts to the next level.

    Whether it’s a leisurely bike ride, a yoga class, or a simple walk in the park, active recovery days provide a much-needed break from the intensity of regular workouts. By embracing the power of active recovery and making it a part of their routine, fitness enthusiasts can revive and recharge, setting themselves up for success and helping to achieve their fitness goals.

    Conclusion
    In conclusion, active recovery days are a vital part of any fitness routine, providing a much-needed break from the intensity of regular workouts. By incorporating these days into their routine, individuals can reduce muscle soreness, improve cardiovascular health, and unlock a wealth of benefits that can help take their workouts to the next level. Whether it’s foam rolling, stretching, or self-myofascial release, there are countless ways to prioritize recovery and make it a part of overall fitness routine. By reviving and recharging, individuals can set themselves up for success and achieve their fitness goals.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Q: What is active recovery, and how does it differ from regular rest days?
    A: Active recovery refers to the process of engaging in low-intensity activities to promote blood flow and reduce muscle soreness, whereas regular rest days involve complete inactivity.

    Q: How often should I incorporate active recovery days into my routine?
    A: The frequency of active recovery days will depend on individual needs and goals, but a good starting point is to aim for one or two days per week.

    Q: What are some examples of activities that are suitable for active recovery?
    A: Examples of activities that are suitable for active recovery include yoga, cycling, swimming, and walking, which are all low-impact and easy on the joints.

    Q: How can I create a comprehensive recovery plan that includes activities like foam rolling and self-myofascial release?
    A: To create a comprehensive recovery plan, start by identifying areas of tension and soreness, and then incorporate activities like foam rolling and self-myofascial release to target these areas.

    Q: Can active recovery days be beneficial for individuals who are new to exercise?
    A: Yes, active recovery days can be especially beneficial for individuals who are new to exercise, as they can help to reduce muscle soreness and improve overall recovery time.

    revive-and-recharge-unlocking-the-power-of-active-recovery-days-for-enhanced-fitness

  • Biliary Interventions

    Biliary Interventions

    Biliary interventions treat blockages, narrowing and/or injury of the passages between the liver, gallbladder and small intestine. These passages are called bile ducts. The liver produces a fluid called bile and stores it in the gallbladder. The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest your food. If the bile ducts become blocked, it may lead to inflammation or infection of the entire biliary system. This is known as cholangitis. Biliary interventions are used to open narrowed bile ducts, drain excess bile outside of the body, and restore the flow of bile within the biliary system.

    Your doctor will tell you how to prepare for your specific procedure and may prescribe an antibiotic. Tell your doctor about any recent illnesses or medical conditions and whether you have any allergies, especially to anesthesia or iodinated contrast material. List all medications you’re taking, including herbal supplements and aspirin. Your doctor may tell you not to eat or drink for several hours before your procedure. They may also tell you to stop taking aspirin or blood thinners. Leave jewelry at home and wear loose, comfortable clothing. You may need to change into a gown for the procedure. Ask your doctor if you will stay overnight at the hospital. If not, plan to have someone drive you home.

    What are Biliary Interventions?

    Biliary interventions are minimally invasive procedures that treat bile ducts that are blocked, narrowed, or injured and gallbladders that are inflamed or infected.

    The liver produces bile, a fluid that helps digest food. Bile flows through tubular passageways called ducts to the gallbladder where it is stored. When needed, the gallbladder releases bile through more ducts into the small intestine. This is called the biliary system or biliary tree.

    If bile ducts become blocked, bile cannot get to the small intestine. If the duct between the gallbladder and small intestine becomes blocked (usually due to gallstones in the gallbladder), the gallbladder may become inflamed or infected (a condition called cholecystitis).

    These conditions may cause symptoms such as:

    • jaundice (yellowing of your skin and whites of your eyes)
    • belly pain
    • nausea and vomiting
    • fever
    • itching
    • dark urine and light stools
    • lack of appetite.

    Biliary interventions include:

    • Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Using x-ray or ultrasound image-guidance, the doctor inserts a needle through the skin and into the liver. A contrast material is injected into a bile duct and x-rays are taken as the material flows through the biliary tract.

      If a blockage or narrowing is found, additional procedures may be performed, including:

      • insertion of a catheter to drain excess bile out of the body.
      • Placement of a stent (a small plastic or metal tube) placed inside a narrow duct to keep it open or to bypass a blockage so bile can drain.

    Drainage interventions include:

    An interventional radiologist is a radiologist who performs minimally invasive procedures with imaging guidance. Interventional radiologists are trained to use fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound to guide catheters and wires through the skin through a needle puncture. They use these techniques to perform biopsies, drain fluid or abscesses, insert drainage catheters and to insert stents to open narrowed ducts and blood vessels.

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    What are some common uses of the procedures?

    Several conditions can cause a blockage or narrowing in bile duct, including:

    • inflammation of:
      • the liver (cholangitis)
      • the gallbladder (cholecystitis)
      • the bile ducts with scarring (primary sclerosing cholangitis) 
    • cancer of the pancreas, gallbladder, bile duct, liver, or enlarged lymph nodes due to a variety of different tumors
    • gallstones in the gallbladder or in the bile ducts
    • injury to the bile ducts during surgery
    • infection.

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    How should I prepare?

    Patients are routinely given antibiotics prior to this procedure.

    Your doctor may test your blood prior to your procedure.

    Prior to your procedure, your doctor may test your blood to check your kidney function and to determine if your blood clots normally.

    Tell your doctor about all the medications you take, including herbal supplements. List any allergies, especially to local anesthetic,
    general anesthesia, or
    contrast materials.
    Your doctor may tell you to stop taking aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or blood thinners before your procedure.

    Tell your doctor about recent illnesses or other medical conditions.

    Women should always tell their doctor and technologist
    if they are pregnant. Doctors will not perform many tests during pregnancy to avoid exposing the fetus to radiation. If an x-ray is necessary, the doctor will take precautions to minimize radiation exposure to the baby. See the Radiation Safety page for more information about pregnancy and x-rays.

    You will receive specific instructions on how to prepare, including any changes you need to make to your regular medication schedule.

    Other than medications, your doctor may tell you to not eat or drink anything for several hours before your procedure.

    You may need to remove your clothes and change into a gown for the exam. You may also need to remove jewelry, eyeglasses, and any metal objects or clothing that might interfere with the x-ray images.

    Plan to have someone drive you home after your procedure.

    This procedure is often done on an outpatient basis. However, some patients may require admission following the procedure. Ask your doctor if you will need to be admitted.

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    What does the equipment look like?

    In these procedures, x-ray equipment, ultrasound or CT scanning may be used for image guidance. In addition, additional equipment such as a catheter, balloon and/or stent may be used.

    X-ray equipment:

    This exam typically uses a radiographic table, one or two x-ray tubes, and a video monitor. Fluoroscopy converts x-rays into video images. Doctors use it to watch and guide procedures. The x-ray machine and a detector suspended over the exam table produce the video.

    Ultrasound:

    Ultrasound scanners consist of a computer console, a video display screen, and a transducer that is used to scan the body and blood vessels. The transducer is a small hand-held device that resembles a microphone, attached to the scanner by a cord. The transducer sends out high frequency sound waves into the body and then listens for the returning echoes from the tissues in the body. The principles are similar to sonar used by boats and submarines.

    The ultrasound image is immediately visible on a video monitor. The equipment creates the image based on the amplitude (strength), frequency, and time it takes for the sound signal to return to the transducer.

    CT:

    The CT scanner is typically a large, box-like machine with a hole, or short tunnel, in the center. You will lie on a narrow examination table that slides into and out of this tunnel. Rotating around you, the x-ray tube and electronic x-ray detectors are located opposite each other in a ring, called a gantry. The computer workstation that processes the imaging information is located in a separate room where the technologist operates the scanner and monitors your exam. The CT scanner obtains x-ray “slices” of your body as the gantry moves you through the scanner. These slices are typically between 0.1 and 1 cm thick.

    Additional equipment:

    • Catheter: a long, thin plastic tube, about as thick as a strand of spaghetti.
    • Balloon: a long, thin plastic tube with a small balloon at its end.
    • Stent: a small, wire mesh or plastic tube.

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    How does the procedure work?

    Biliary interventions typically begin with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, which uses x-rays and a contrast material to create pictures of the bile ducts and gallbladder. If there is a blockage, the doctor may:

    • place a tube to drain excess bile out of the body
    • open a narrowed bile duct
    • place a stent to keep a bile duct open
    • restore the flow of bile within the biliary system.

    Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage uses image-guidance to insert a catheter through the skin and into the liver. The tube is left in place in the liver to let bile drain outside of the body into a collection bag. A stent may be placed after the drainage procedure to keep a narrow or blocked duct open.

    Percutaneous cholecystostomy uses image guidance to place a tube into an infected gallbladder that allows bile fluid to drain out into a collection bag outside of the body. This procedure is often done when surgically removing the gallbladder is too risky.

    Patients with an inflamed gallbladder or cholecystitis, or symptoms related to gallstones, are typically treated with intravenous antibiotics or surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). For more information, see the Gallstones page.

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    How is the procedure performed?

    Prior to your procedure, your doctor may perform ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams.

    Your doctor may provide medications to help prevent nausea and pain and antibiotics to help prevent infection.

    You will lie on the procedure table.

    A nurse or technologist will insert an intravenous (IV) line into a vein in your hand or arm to administer a sedative. This procedure may use moderate sedation. It does not require a breathing tube. However, some patients may require general anesthesia.

    If you receive a
    general anesthetic, you will be unconscious for the entire procedure. An
    anesthesiologist will monitor your condition. If you receive conscious sedation, a nurse will administer medications to make you drowsy and comfortable and monitor you during the procedure.

    The doctor will make a very small skin incision at the site.

    Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC):

    The doctor inserts a thin needle through the skin below the ribs and into the liver using ultrasound and x-ray (fluoroscopy) guidance. The doctor injects contrast material into the liver and bile ducts and takes x-rays of the biliary tract.

    Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD):

    If there is a blockage, the doctor inserts a catheter into ducts within the liver to let bile drain out of the liver. There are three ways to drain the bile:

    • External: The catheter is inserted above the blockage in the bile duct. Bile flows through the catheter outside of the body into a drainage bag.
    • Internal/external: The catheter is inserted through the blockage into the small intestine. Bile flows both into the small intestine and outside the body into a drainage bag. This is the most common drainage catheter used.
    • Internal: A small metal cylinder called a stent is placed inside a blocked or narrowed duct to keep it open. A catheter is placed inside the duct connected to a drainage bag outside the body. If the stent keeps the duct open, the catheter is removed.

    The length of time a drainage bag is needed varies from patient to patient. You will be instructed on how to care for the drainage catheter.

    Percutaneous cholecystostomy: Using ultrasound and x-ray (fluoroscopy) guidance, the doctor inserts a thin catheter through the skin below the ribs and into the gallbladder. The catheter may be left in place until the gallbladder can be removed or permanently.

    Catheter tube change: Drainage catheters are usually changed every 8 to 12 weeks. To change the catheter, a wire is passed through the drainage tube so the existing tube can be removed and replaced with a new tube. When the new drainage catheter is in place, the wire is removed.

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    What will I experience during and after the procedure?

    The doctor or nurse will attach devices to your body to monitor your heart rate and blood pressure.

    You will feel a slight pinch when the nurse inserts the needle into your vein for the IV line and when they inject the local anesthetic. Most of the sensation is at the skin incision site. The doctor will numb this area using local anesthetic. You may feel pressure when the doctor inserts the catheter into the vein or artery. However, you will not feel serious discomfort.

    If you receive a general anesthetic, you will be unconscious for the entire procedure. An anesthesiologist will monitor your condition.

    If the procedure uses sedation, you will feel relaxed, sleepy, and comfortable. You may or may not remain awake, depending on how deeply you are sedated.

    As the contrast material passes through your body, you may feel warm. This will quickly pass.

    You will remain in the recovery room until you are completely awake and ready to return home.

    In general, for all these procedures, you should be able to resume your normal activities within a few days. In some cases, you may have a catheter exiting your side and draining bile into a bag. The length of time a drainage bag is needed varies from patient to patient. Consult your interventional radiologist for information about your treatment.

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    Who interprets the results and how do I get them?

    The interventional radiologist or doctor treating you will determine the results of the procedure. They will send a report to your referring physician, who will share the results with you.

    Your interventional radiologist may recommend a follow-up visit.

    This visit may include a physical check-up, imaging exam(s), and blood tests. During your follow-up visit, tell your doctor if you have noticed any side effects or changes.

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    What are the benefits vs. risks?

    Benefits

    • PTCs and percutaneous cholecystostomy tubes do not need a large surgical incision, only a small nick in the skin. No stitches are needed.
    • In general, the time spent in the hospital for biliary interventions is less than for open surgery.
    • Recovery time is significantly shorter than open surgery.

    Risks

    • Any procedure that penetrates the skin carries a risk of infection. The chance of infection requiring antibiotic treatment appears to be less than one in 1,000.
    • There is a very slight risk of an allergic reaction if the procedure uses an injection of contrast material.
    • There is a small risk of bleeding related to the procedure. If this occurs, the bleeding almost always stops on its own. If treatment becomes necessary, this can almost always be achieved with arterial embolization, a minimally invasive technique.
    • There is a very small risk of damage to the gallbladder, bile duct and blood vessels or bowel perforation
    • Risks related to the drainage tube include:
      • swelling, bleeding or skin infection of the skin around the tube
      • tube blockage.
      • leaking around tube
      • tube malposition
    • Bleeding in and around the liver.
    • Lung infection.

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    What are the limitations of Biliary Interventions?

    Minimally invasive procedures such as biliary interventions may not be appropriate for all patients. The decision as to whether your specific situation can be treated with these techniques will be made by your doctor and interventional radiologist. In general, minimally invasive procedures are preferable to surgery.

    In some cases, a recurrence of the underlying problem such as blockage of a stent or cholecystitis may occur. In these cases, a repeat biliary intervention may be necessary. If this is not appropriate, a different procedure may be recommended.

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    This page was reviewed on May 30, 2024

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  • ‘Flesh-Eating Maggots’ Back in the US After 60 Years – But Can the Deadly Screwworm Spread Between People?

    ‘Flesh-Eating Maggots’ Back in the US After 60 Years – But Can the Deadly Screwworm Spread Between People?

    ‘Flesh-eating maggots’ may sound like something from a horror movie, but they have just made a shocking comeback in the United States for the first time in nearly 60 years.

    Health officials in Maryland, alongside the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), confirmed that a traveller had been infected with the New World screwworm after returning from Central America.

    Confusion remains over whether the individual had travelled to El Salvador or Guatemala, but one thing is clear: the parasite is back on American soil.

    Panic has spread almost as fast as the news itself, leaving many to ask the same chilling question: is this gruesome maggot infestation contagious?

    Is the Flesh-Eating Screwworm Contagious?

    The short answer is no.

    Unlike flu or COVID-19, screwworm infestations cannot pass directly from person to person or even from animal to animal.

    Experts from the Center for Food Security and Public Health explain that the parasite spreads only when female flies lay eggs on open wounds or natural body openings.

    In other words, it is always the fly that carries the danger. A sore or cut attracts the insect, which deposits hundreds of eggs.

    These hatch into larvae that feed on living tissue, creating the illusion of contagion when multiple hosts in the same area are affected.

    How the Flesh-Eating Parasite Invades the Body

    According to the CDC, a single female screwworm fly can lay up to 3,000 eggs during her short life. Even the smallest scratch, insect bite, or a newborn’s umbilical wound can be enough to attract the parasite.

    Within hours, the larvae burrow into the flesh and begin consuming living tissue—unlike ordinary maggots, which feed only on dead matter.

    Left untreated, the wound enlarges as more flies are drawn in. In livestock, infestations can cause extreme suffering and even death. In humans, they are rare but potentially life-threatening if not treated quickly.



    Symptoms of Flesh-Eating Maggots to Watch Out For

    The CDC warns of several tell-tale signs of screwworm infestation:

    • Painful or enlarging wounds that fail to heal
    • Bleeding or foul-smelling sores
    • Visible maggots in open wounds
    • A sensation of movement under the skin or inside nasal, oral, or eye cavities

    While terrifying, most infestations can be treated successfully if caught early.

    Treatment: The Gruelling Process of Removal

    Treatment is unpleasant but effective. Every larva must be removed manually, the wound disinfected, and the patient closely monitored for reinfestation. No single medication can eliminate screwworm once it takes hold.

    On a wider scale, the US Department of Agriculture relies on the sterile fly programme. By releasing sterilised male flies, they disrupt the breeding cycle and suppress outbreaks.

    Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins recently announced plans for a new sterile fly facility in Texas—a move that now seems alarmingly well-timed.

    A Billion-Dollar Threat to America’s Cattle Industry

    The screwworm is not only a medical menace—it is also an agricultural disaster. The USDA estimates that an outbreak in Texas alone could cost $1.8 billion in cattle losses, veterinary expenses, and labour.

    With America’s beef industry already under pressure, confirmation of a human case has rattled ranchers and consumers alike.

    Should Americans Be Worried About Screwworm?

    ‘The risk to public health in the United States from this introduction is very low,’ Maryland health spokesperson Andrew Nixon told Reuters.

    Experts stress that the parasite does not spread casually between people. Prevention relies on proper wound care, sanitation, and avoiding fly exposure in endemic regions.

    Still, its reappearance after nearly 60 years is a sobering reminder: globalisation and climate shifts are making it harder than ever to keep old enemies at bay.

    Originally published on IBTimes UK

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