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Tag: Cannabis

  • California Cannabis Shines a Light on the Practical Uses of Cannabis

    California Cannabis Shines a Light on the Practical Uses of Cannabis

    As cannabis continues to shed its historical stigma, it’s now being recognized as a multifaceted resource with a plethora of benefits. Once dismissed or criminalized, the plant now holds relevance across various sectors—medical, agricultural, industrial, and therapeutic. As noted by California Cannabis Testing Labs, advances in science and changes in public perception have sparked renewed interest in its potential, driving innovations and regulations alike. From chronic pain management to eco-friendly building materials and nutrient-rich food products, cannabis and its derivatives are starting to shape industries in subtle but significant ways.

    Setting the Stage

    Cannabis has long held a complicated place in American society. Originally used for textiles and medicine in the 1800s, it later became stigmatized and heavily regulated throughout much of the 20th century. In recent decades, however, public opinion and policy have shifted, with more states enacting laws that support medical and industrial uses.

    As legalization expands, so does awareness of cannabis’s broader potential. Beyond recreational use, people are exploring its value in healthcare, environmental sustainability, and consumer products. These changes have opened new conversations around how cannabis can contribute to everyday life in practical, regulated ways.

    Health and Medical Benefits

    Cannabis has gained traction in modern medicine as a complementary option for managing various chronic conditions. Patients dealing with persistent pain from ailments like arthritis or fibromyalgia have turned to cannabis-based treatments when traditional medications fall short or cause unwanted side effects. Doctors in progressive states have begun incorporating cannabis into pain management protocols under careful supervision.

    In oncology, cannabis is frequently used to ease nausea and boost appetite during chemotherapy. Epilepsy patients, particularly those with severe forms like Dravet syndrome, have found relief through CBD-based medications that reduce seizure frequency. The distinction between THC and CBD plays a vital role here—while THC is psychoactive, CBD offers therapeutic benefits without the high, making it more widely accepted in clinical settings.

    Although research is ongoing, medical professionals in certain states are more comfortable recommending cannabis as part of a broader treatment plan. Conversations among healthcare providers now include dosage, strain selection, and patient education.

    Mental Wellness and Everyday Relief

    Anxiety, sleep disruption, and chronic stress are common struggles in today’s world, and some individuals have turned to cannabis as an alternative means of support. Low-THC or CBD-rich strains are often used to promote relaxation without impairing daily functioning, offering a gentler option than conventional pharmaceuticals.

    Emerging studies suggest cannabinoids may interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system to support emotional balance and regulate stress responses. Though not yet fully understood, these findings are encouraging and have prompted further academic interest. Mental health clinics have started integrating cannabinoid treatments alongside therapy in some pilot programs. As more practitioners acknowledge cannabis’s therapeutic potential, there’s a growing emphasis on proper dosing and product quality.

    Hemp as a Sustainable Resource

    Hemp, often overshadowed by its psychoactive cousin, is making a strong comeback as an eco-friendly alternative across multiple industries. As a fast-growing, low-impact crop, it requires minimal water and no synthetic fertilizers, making it an attractive option for sustainable agriculture. It also contributes to carbon sequestration, aiding in the fight against climate change.

    Its versatility is hard to ignore. Builders are turning to hempcrete, a biodegradable material with excellent insulation properties, while fashion brands are incorporating hemp fibers into textiles praised for their durability and breathability. Paper made from hemp can also be produced with fewer chemicals compared to traditional wood pulp, reducing environmental strain. Bioplastics made from hemp polymers are also gaining traction in the packaging industry.

    Farmers in several regions have begun to rotate hemp into their crop cycles not only for its commercial value but also for its ability to restore soil health. Its deep roots help prevent erosion and can even draw contaminants from the ground, making it a valuable tool in regenerative farming.

    Nutrition and Consumer Products

    Hemp seeds have quietly gained status as a nutrient-rich superfood, packed with protein, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and essential minerals. They’re finding their way into smoothies, protein bars, and even dairy alternatives like hemp milk, appealing to health-conscious consumers seeking plant-based nutrition.

    Cannabinoids like CBD have become popular in skincare and wellness products, from calming balms to anti-aging serums. These items are now widely available in both niche wellness shops and mainstream retail outlets. Growing demand has pushed companies to invest in transparency and third-party testing to ensure product safety and consistency. Brands are also innovating with edibles, teas, and even pet care products that include hemp extracts.

    Research, Regulation, and the Road Ahead

    Despite growing interest, cannabis research still faces hurdles due to inconsistent legal frameworks. Many scientists struggle to access quality plant material for study, limiting long-term investigations into safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing methods. Federal restrictions continue to complicate the approval process for clinical trials and university-led studies.

    Nonetheless, momentum is building. Universities and private institutions are launching programs dedicated to cannabis science, and governments are beginning to fund more structured research efforts. Academic journals are seeing a steady rise in peer-reviewed publications focused on cannabinoid pharmacology and agricultural applications.

    With a new outlook and ongoing discoveries, cannabis stands at the edge of mainstream integration, and the next decade will likely determine how responsibly and effectively it finds its place in modern society.

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  • IBD and Cannabis 

    IBD and Cannabis 

    Smoking cannabis may help with symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the short term, but it may make the long-term prognosis worse.

    As this study asks, “Medical Marijuana: A Panacea or Scourge?” For 5,000 years, cannabis “has been used throughout the world medically, recreationally, and spiritually.” It was even prescribed by American physicians “for a plethora of indications” from the mid-19th century to the 1930s, a fact that’s often used by medical marijuana proponents as evidence justifying the modern medical applications.” But the field of old-timey medicine is “fraught with potions and herbal remedies,” not to mention bloodletting and other questionable and harmful remedies.

    Skeptics criticize the medical marijuana movement as the “‘medical excuse marijuana’ movement,” insinuating that children with epilepsy and the terminally ill are being “used as a ‘Trojan horse’ for the legalization of recreational cannabis use” or to peddle “outlandish claims” about “miracle cancer cures,” frustrating researchers in the field who just want to get at the science.

    For example, what about the therapeutic use of cannabis for inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis? Conventional therapies work mainly by suppressing the immune system to try to tamp down inflammation. “Given the limited therapy options and known adverse side effects with chronic use” from these drugs, people suffering from these diseases often need to have inflamed sections of their bowels removed surgically, so it’s clear why there’s so much interest in alternative approaches.

    About one in six IBD patients who use marijuana say it helps with their symptoms, so researchers decided to put it to the test. Thirteen patients with IBD were given a third of a pound of marijuana to smoke at their leisure over a period of three months, and they reported feeling significantly better with “reported improvement in general health perception, social functioning, ability to work, physical pain, and depression.” There wasn’t a control group, so it’s unknown if they would have improved anyway or what role the placebo effect may have played. It’s like some of the studies of cannabis used for pediatric epilepsy that had response rates exceeding 30 percent and a frequency cut in half in a third of the kids. Amazing results until you realize you can sometimes get similarly amazing responses from giving kids nothing but a sugar pill placebo, as seen below and at 2:21 in my video Friday Favorites: Cannabis for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). That’s why it’s critical to do randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, but there weren’t any on cannabis and IBD until 2013. 

    For 21 patients with Crohn’s disease, nothing seemed to help. So researchers randomized them to either smoke two joints a day of marijuana or a look-alike placebo. The results? Ninety percent of those in the cannabis group got better, compared to only 40 percent in the placebo group. Shown below and at 3:11 in my video is a graph of their symptom scores. As you can see, there was no big change in the placebo group over the two-month study, but the cannabis group cut their symptoms by about half. 

    The researchers acknowledge that long-term cannabis use is not without risks, but it may be a cakewalk compared to the potential adverse—and even life-threatening—side effects of some of the more powerful conventional therapies, so the study was heralded in a paper entitled “High Hope for Medical Marijuana in Digestive Disorders.”

    The study was funded by a medical marijuana advocacy organization, the main supplier in the country, in fact. So, expectations may have been placed on the participants about how much better they would feel—in other words, they may have been primed for the placebo effect. But the researchers controlled for that, right? Those getting the real cannabis did significantly better than those randomized to get the placebo. But the point of a placebo is that it is indistinguishable from the real thing, so the participants don’t know which group they’re in—the control group or the treatment group. How can that be accomplished with a psychoactive drug? It can’t, which is the problem. The researchers tried to hide which group participants were in by only recruiting patients who had never tried cannabis before in the hopes that they wouldn’t notice placebo pot, but, unsurprisingly, most of them did. So, we’re basically left with another unblinded study. The researchers asked a bunch of subjective questions, like “How are you feeling?” and those who pretty much knew they were taking the drug said they were feeling better.

    There were no significant changes in objective lab values, like CRP, a sign of inflammation, so perhaps the “cannabis may simply be masking symptoms without affecting intestinal inflammation.” Another indicator that it may not be affecting the course of the disease itself is how quickly the symptoms rebound. Two weeks after the study ended, those in the cannabis group were right back to where they started, as shown here (see week 10) and at 5:05 in my video. 

    So, “there was no difference in objective inflammatory markers to indicate disease modification. Given the rapid rebound…to pretreatment levels after the 2-week washout period, it seems more plausible that cannabis ameliorated the symptoms of Crohn’s disease, rather than actually modulating the disease.” That may be, but the symptoms are terrible. A reduction in pain is a reduction in pain. Indeed, “from the point of view of the patients, a marked symptomatic improvement and ability to resume normal life is not trivial, even if inflammation persists.” Of course, what if cannabis somehow makes the disease worse in the long run?

    A survey study published the following year found that cannabis provided the same immediate symptomatic relief but was associated with a worse disease prognosis over time. Patients with IBD reported that cannabis improved their pain, cramping, and diarrhea, but use for more than six months by Crohn’s patients appeared to be a strong predictor of them ending up in surgery; they had five times the odds of going under the knife. There are two possible explanations for this: It’s quite possible that the increased disease severity led to the cannabis use and not the other way around. The alternative explanation: “Cannabis use may worsen the prognosis of IBD, leading to greater surgeries and hospitalizations.”

    This is why we need prospective clinical trials where people are followed over time to see which came first. Until then, perhaps we should consider cannabis use for IBD as “potentially harmful.” Not just to err on the side of caution, but because there was a study on hepatitis C patients that found that daily cannabis use was associated with nearly seven times the odds of worse liver fibrosis, which is like scar tissue. If cannabis really does make fibrosis worse, that may explain why cannabis users with IBD may be more likely to require surgery. 

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  • Cannabis, Strokes, and Heart Attacks? 

    Cannabis, Strokes, and Heart Attacks? 

    The temporary quintupling of heart attack risk associated with cannabis smoking may be due to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and carbon monoxide levels.

    Does “the dark side of cannabis”—both “synthetic and non-synthetic marijuana”—include stroke?

    There have been case reports of artery damage due to the “vasoconstrictor effect of cannabis,” which has been well documented. One study found cannabis users had a hundred times greater odds of suffering from multifocal intracranial stenosis, where the arteries inside our brain clamp down at multiple points, as you can see below and at 0:39 in my video Does Marijuana Cause Strokes and Heart Attacks?, but that’s a rare condition. What about strokes? 

    “The paucity [lack] of high-level evidence regarding the adverse effects of marijuana usage on cerebrovascular [brain artery] health has permitted the false notion that recreational marijuana is safe.” So, researchers decided to put it to the test in a study of millions of cannabis users and found that “recreational marijuana use is independently associated with 17% increased likelihood of AIS hospitalization,” that is, being hospitalized with an acute ischemic stroke, but that may only be among those who use cannabis regularly, “weekly or more often.”

    The reason we think it’s cause-and-effect is that the majority of recorded strokes were “during or shortly after marijuana exposure,” and there are even cases in which strokes recurred after re-exposure to marijuana. So, when you put all of that together, it makes a convincing case. Though, to be sure, you’d need to randomize people to use cannabis or a placebo. 

    It’s like the heart disease story. A similar “temporal” relationship has been found between marijuana use and the development of heart attacks and sudden cardiac death, meaning they seemed to occur while individuals were using cannabis or right after usage. “However, careful evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of marijuana inhalation is complicated by the fact that it is often used in combination with other drugs, such as alcohol or cocaine.” So, you can’t just ask heart attack victims if they were smoking pot at the time of a cardiac event and make the connection; you have to ask about other substance use, too. Within an hour of using cocaine, for example, the risk of having a heart attack goes up more than 20-fold.

    That’s about four times more than after smoking pot. The hour after you smoke marijuana, your heart attack risk appears to nearly quintuple, but only for that hour. Then, your risk drops down to normal. So what does this mean? Even though heart disease is our number one killer, the risk of having a heart attack every hour is only about one in a million for any particular hour. So, even if you light up a joint, which may quintuple your risk, that would only bump up the risk to about 1 in 150,000 and only for that one hour. Even if you smoked every day, your annual risk might just go up by a few percentage points. But why the increased risk at all?

    Well, we’ve known since the 1970s that within an hour of smoking a joint, our pulse rate goes up about 35 percent, as you can see below and at 3:20 in my video. Smoking a single joint also increases blood pressure, as well as carbon monoxide levels in the blood of angina patients, and it cuts their ability to exercise nearly in half. Now is that just because they’re breathing in smoke of any kind? No, smoking a placebo joint—that is, a marijuana joint from which the THC has been removed—only cuts down exercise capacity by about 9 percent. In contrast, after smoking an actual cannabis joint, the time the study participants could exercise before experiencing chest pain was cut by 48 percent. So, it does seem to be a specific drug effect. Is it as bad as tobacco? We found that out a year later. 

    “Smoking 1 marihuana [sic] cigarette decreased the exercise time until angina more than smoking 1 high-nicotine [tobacco] cigarette,” which only cut exercise capacity by 23 percent, compared to 50 percent after the joint. This may be because smoking marijuana seems to put more demand on the heart, so it’s no surprise that it was worse than tobacco.

    It may also be carbon monoxide. Smoking marijuana leads to nearly five times more carbon monoxide in the bloodstream than smoking tobacco. This is in part because, compared to cigarette smokers, cannabis smokers inhale more deeply and then hold in the smoke for longer, allowing more carbon monoxide into their system. So, the increased heart rate and pressure, the “cardio acceleration,” may account for the accelerated chest pain in heart disease patients.

    Does cannabis have any chronic effects on the arteries? Users do seem to have relatively stiffer arteries for their age, suggesting “an acceleration of the aging process.” We are only as old as our arteries.

    Even second-hand marijuana smoke may be harmful, according to a recent study in the Journal of the American Heart Association entitled, “One Minute of Marijuana Secondhand Smoke Impairs Vascular Endothelial Function,” meaning artery function. So, there was a call to protect “vulnerable populations, including elderly and disabled [multi-unit housing] MUH residents, pregnant women, and children.” But, that one minute of exposure to second-hand marijuana smoke was in rats, so it’s not clear how applicable this is to us beyond, perhaps, not smoking around your pets.

    I have a slew of other videos on cannabis if you’re interested. Check out the related videos below. 

    I first released these videos in a webinar, and you can find them all in a digital download here. 



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  • Cannabis and Cars 

    Cannabis and Cars 

    Did traffic fatalities increase or decrease after cannabis legalization?

    Is cannabis-impaired driving a public health and safety concern? Well, the number of tickets for cannabis-impaired driving went up in Washington State after legalization, as did the proportion of drivers in fatal car crashes in Colorado who tested positive for marijuana use. But, in both cases, this “may simply reflect a general increase in marijuana use” overall. It doesn’t mean that cannabis is causing the crashes, as I discuss in my video The Effects of Marijuana on Car Accidents.

    There is a lot of evidence correlating marijuana use with car accidents, but who uses marijuana? Mostly young people and males. And guess who has a higher crash risk regardless of what they smoke? Young people and males. However, even taking that into account, it does seem that “roughly 20–30% of traffic crashes involving cannabis use occur because of the cannabis use.” But, to put that in perspective, that number is more like 85 percent when it comes to alcohol.

    Aren’t cannabis crashes low-velocity fender-benders from an impaired driver going like five miles an hour? “After a systematic review of the literature,” a compilation of studies “examining acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collisions…found a near doubling of the risk of a driver being involved in a motor vehicle collision resulting in serious injury or death.” So, that’s pretty serious, but alcohol is even worse. Cannabis may double or triple the risk of car crashes, but alcohol may multiply the risk 6- to 15-fold. The combination may be even worse—25 times the odds of a fatal car crash involvement when testing positive for both cannabis and alcohol.

    The “safety consequence of increased incidence of cannabis intoxication” when driving is listed as one of the “three primary reasons for concern about legalized cannabis….” Well, what happened in the U.S. states where marijuana was legalized? How much did traffic fatalities go up? They didn’t. In fact, they went down. What? “Why does legalizing medical marijuana reduce traffic fatalities?” Because of reduced alcohol consumption. It was found that “the legalization of medical marijuana is associated with reduced alcohol consumption, especially among young adults.” So, there was more drugged driving, but less drunk driving—and drunk driving is so much worse that fatalities went down overall.

    So, perhaps we’d also see less liver disease and less alcohol-induced brain damage, as cannabis substitutes for some of the alcohol use. Indeed, researchers argued that “cannabis was unlikely to produce as much harm as alcohol because, unlike alcohol, cannabis did not cause liver and other gastrointestinal diseases, it was not fatal in overdoses, it did not appear to be as neurotoxic as alcohol, and it was not as potent a cause of car crashes as alcohol.”

    “The health problems reported by cannabis dependent persons—e.g. bronchitis and impaired memory—are much less serious on average than those reported by persons who are alcohol dependent (e.g. delirium, liver disease, gastritis) but this does not mean that cannabis dependence is a minor problem.” When public health authorities bring that up, though, they may be criticized. In the 1940s and 1950s in the United States, for instance, after the repeal of Prohibition, we needed to warn people about the problems of heavy drinking, liver cirrhosis, and alcoholism, but some dismissed the concerns as if they were just “temperance propaganda.” We now see a similar situation, where the public health profession wants to educate people about the adverse health effects of cannabis but is dismissed as “reefer madness” hysterics.

    Still, it’s important to put these adverse health effects in perspective. How does the safety of cannabis stack up against alcohol and tobacco? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “alcohol is linked to approximately 88,000 deaths per year,” whereas “there are no reported deaths due to cannabis.” (They’re from things like car accidents.) What’s more, they even go down when more people smoke pot because alcohol is so much worse. “With hindsight, we can clearly see the enormous problems that have been caused to many individuals and to society by tobacco and alcohol”—both legal drugs. “If asked to decide today which psychoactive drugs should be legal, cannabis (which rarely kills people) might well be judged as being comparatively benign” and may be much higher on the list.

    I have many other videos on cannabis if you’re interested. Check out the related posts below.

    I first released these videos in a webinar, and you can find them all on a digital download here.



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